Osmotic stress induces oxidative cell damage to rhesus macaque spermatozoa.

Cryopreservation introduces extreme temperature and osmolality changes that impart lethal and sublethal effects on spermatozoa survival. Additionally, evidence indicates that the osmotic stress induced by cryopreservation causes oxidative stress to spermatozoa as well. Our objective was to determine the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) sperm function and to determine whether osmotic stress elicits the production of ROS.

Effects of environmental tobacco smoke in vitro on rhesus monkey sperm function.

The objective of this study was to use a non-human primate model to examine the effect of ETS on sperm function. Sperm samples were collected from adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and treated with different levels of ETS exposed medium. ETS treatment decreased the percentage of motile sperm and motion parameters.

Changes in membrane lipid order with capacitation in rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) spermatozoa.

Lipophilic fluorescent dye merocyanine 540 is believed to stain cell membranes with increasing affinity as the lipid components become more disordered and has been associated with changes in membrane fluidity. The aim of this study was to determine whether membrane lipid disorder is associated with capacitation of macaque spermatozoa. To induce capacitation, spermatozoa from 5 rhesus macaques were incubated at 37 degrees C (5% CO(2) in air) for 2 hours in a modified Biggers-Whitten-Whittingham medium containing 30 mg/mL bovine serum albumin and 36 mmol/L NaHCO(3).

Hyperactivated motility in rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) spermatozoa.

Macaque spermatozoa can be capacitated according to a defined protocol and exhibit hyperactivated motility similar to that described in other species. The aim of this study was to create a method for defining hyperactivation that could be routinely used in the laboratory alongside our existing sperm motility analysis protocol. Percoll-separated macaque spermatozoa were incubated for 2 hours (37 degrees C; 5% CO(2) in air) at a concentration of 20 x 10(6)/mL in bicarbonate (36 mmol)-buffered Biggers, Whitten and Whittingham medium (BWW) containing 30 mg/mL bovine serum albumin (BSA), followed by an additional 30 minutes with (capacitated) or without (incubated) caffeine (1 mmol) and dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (dbcAMP; 1.

Determination of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase-like activities in equine spermatozoa, seminal plasma, and reproductive tissues.

Objective: To determine glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities in spermatozoa, seminal plasma, and reproductive tissues (ie, testis, epididymis, bulbourethral gland, prostate, vesicular gland, and ampulla) in horses.

Sample Population: Seminal plasma from 17 stallions, spermatozoa from 5 stallions, and reproductive tissues from 3 stallions.

Procedure: Activity of GPX was determined by use of assays measuring oxidation of NADPH in the presence of exogenous glutathione, cumene hydroperoxide, and glutathione reductase.