Epidemiology of 2009 pandemic influenza A virus subtype H1N1 among Kenyans aged 2 months to 18 years, 2009-2010.

Background: The US Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K) conducts surveillance for influenza-like illness (ILI) in Kenya. We describe the temporal and geographic progression of A(H1N1)pdm09 as it emerged in Kenya and characterize the outpatient population with A(H1N1)pdm09 infection.

Methods: We included patients with ILI aged 2 months to 18 years enrolled during June 2009-August 2010.

Lipid-lowering therapy is related to inflammatory markers and 3-year mortality in patients with critical limb ischemia.

To evaluate relationships between lipid-lowering therapy, inflammation, and 3-year mortality in critical limb ischemia (CLI), 259 consecutive CLI patients underwent evaluation of medication, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), neopterin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), 8-epi-PGF(2 alpha), and endothelin-1. Mortality was assessed after 3 years. Sixty-one patients (24%) were on lipid-lowering therapy and 59 patients (97%) on statins.

Are there differences of inflammatory bio-markers between diabetic and non-diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia?

Aim: This observational study was undertaken in order to analyse whether any differences could be detected between diabetic and non-diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) concerning the inflammatory response.

Methods: A total number of 259 consecutive patients with CLI were treated between October 2001 and January 2003.

Results: Among the 259 patients, 135 (52%) had diabetes, previously known in 123, and detected during hospitalization in 12.

Cardiac function, inflammatory mediators and mortality in critical limb ischemia.

Patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) have a high frequency of concomitant coronary heart disease and congestive heart failure. The aim of the study was to evaluate cardiac function in relation to inflammatory markers and 1-year mortality rate among patients with CLI. The authors investigated 232 consecutive patients with CLI by means of electrocardiogram (ECG), and measurements of endothelin (ET)-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, neopterin, CD40 ligand, and 8-epi-prostaglandin (PG)F2alpha in plasma.

Inflammatory mediators are associated with 1-year mortality in critical limb ischemia.

Objective: The atherosclerotic process has inflammatory features. Patients with peripheral atherosclerosis and critical limb ischemia have a poor prognosis. This study evaluated the hypothesis that inflammatory markers are associated with mortality among patients admitted to the hospital because of critical limb ischemia.