Bipolar outflows out to 10 kpc for massive galaxies at redshift z ≈ 1.

Galactic outflows are believed to play a critical role in the evolution of galaxies by regulating their mass build-up and star formation. Theoretical models assume bipolar shapes for the outflows that extend well into the circumgalactic medium (CGM), up to tens of kiloparsecs (kpc) perpendicular to the galaxies. They have been directly observed in the local Universe in several individual galaxies, for example, around the Milky Way and M82 (refs.

High gluon densities in heavy ion collisions.

The early stages of heavy ion collisions are dominated by high density systems of gluons that carry each a small fraction x of the momenta of the colliding nucleons. A distinguishing feature of such systems is the phenomenon of 'saturation' which tames the expected growth of the gluon density as the energy of the collision increases. The onset of saturation occurs at a particular transverse momentum scale, the 'saturation momentum', that emerges dynamically and that marks the onset of non-linear gluon interactions.

Angular Structure of the In-Medium QCD Cascade.

We study the angular broadening of a medium-induced QCD cascade. We derive the equation that governs the evolution of the average transverse momentum squared of the gluons in the cascade as a function of the medium length, and we solve this equation analytically. Two regimes are identified.

Universal shocks in the Wishart random-matrix ensemble. II. Nontrivial initial conditions.

We study the diffusion of complex Wishart matrices and derive a partial differential equation governing the behavior of the associated averaged characteristic polynomial. In the limit of large-size matrices, the inverse Cole-Hopf transform of this polynomial obeys a nonlinear partial differential equation whose solutions exhibit shocks at the evolving edges of the eigenvalue spectrum. In a particular scenario one of those shocks hits the origin that plays the role of an impassable wall.

Medium-induced QCD cascade: democratic branching and wave turbulence.

We study the average properties of the gluon cascade generated by an energetic parton propagating through a quark-gluon plasma. We focus on the soft, medium-induced emissions which control the energy transport at large angles with respect to the leading parton. We show that the effect of multiple branchings is important.