Xenotransplantation: future frontiers and challenges.

Purpose Of Review: Recent advancements in genetic engineering have propelled the field of xenotransplantation from preclinical models to early compassionate use cases. As first-in-human clinical trials (FIHCTs) approach, we examine recent developments, ethical and regulatory challenges, immunological considerations, and the clinical infrastructure necessary for successful xenotransplantation trials.

Recent Findings: Expanded access transplants of pig hearts, kidneys, and livers have identified key challenges.

Mechanosensation of the heart and gut elicits hypometabolism and vigilance in mice.

Interoception broadly refers to awareness of one's internal milieu. Although the importance of the body-to-brain communication that underlies interoception is implicit, the vagal afferent signalling and corresponding brain circuits that shape perception of the viscera are not entirely clear. Here, we use mice to parse neural circuits subserving interoception of the heart and gut.

Patterns in affect and personality states across the menstrual cycle.

Affective, behavioral, and cognitive (i.e., personality) states fluctuate across situations and context, yet the biological mechanisms regulating them remain unclear.

Identifying psychosocial predictors and developing a risk score for preterm birth among Kenyan pregnant women.

Background: Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of neonatal mortality, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where 40% of global neonatal deaths occur. We identified and combined demographic, clinical, and psychosocial correlates of PTB among Kenyan women to develop a risk score.

Methods: We used data from a prospective study enrolling HIV-negative women from 20 antenatal clinics in Western Kenya (NCT03070600).

Delayed Onset Iliopsoas Tendonitis With Intramuscular Hematoma Following Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Iliopsoas tendonitis following total hip arthroplasty (THA) can be challenging to diagnose due to the many causes of postoperative groin pain. This case involves a 66-year-old female with right-sided hip and groin pain and a palpable mass, 3 years post-THA. Initial recovery was unremarkable until the sudden onset of symptoms after exercise.