HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use among PrEP-eligible men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Scaling up pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is critical to combating the AIDS epidemic, especially among PrEP-eligible men who have sex with men (MSM). This study summarizes the global proportion of PrEP-eligible MSM with PrEP use and highlights the contextual differences in eligibility criteria for PrEP across studies.

Methods: A literature search was conducted in five databases in July 2023.

Novel Circulating Biomarkers in Aortic Valve Stenosis.

The underlying pathophysiology of aortic stenosis and factors affecting its clinical progression remain poorly understood. Apart from B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), novel and emerging biomarkers have been described in association with aortic stenosis, emphasising the potential for these biomarkers to illuminate on yet unknown mechanisms of its pathogenesis. In this review, we aimed to summarise what is known about aortic stenosis biomarkers, highlight the emerging ones, and provide a roadmap for translating these insights into clinical applications.

Cornea Oculomics: A Clinical Blueprint for Extending Corneal Diagnostics and Artificial Intelligence in Systemic Health Insights.

Oculomics is an emerging field that leverages ophthalmic imaging data to identify biomarkers of systemic disease, facilitating early diagnosis and risk stratification. Despite its growing recognition, gaps remain in the literature regarding the clinical applications of oculomics. Various systemic diseases-including metabolic disorders (e.

Management of corneal injuries in spaceflight and recommendations for planetary missions.

In February 1968, NASA purchased 400 antigravity ballpoint pens from the Fisher Pen Company for the Apollo Program to prevent potential harm to astronauts and equipment. Mechanical pencils previously used in microgravity posed risks like eye injuries from floating fragments penetrating the cornea. The cornea is vulnerable to abrasions, perforations, and chemical burns in such environments, affecting crewmembers aboard the International Space Station (ISS).

Clinical Outcomes of Hypertonic Saline vs Mannitol Treatment Among Children With Traumatic Brain Injury.

Importance: The use of hypertonic saline (HTS) vs mannitol in the control of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) secondary to neurotrauma is debated.

Objective: To compare mortality and functional outcomes of treatment with 3% HTS vs 20% mannitol among children with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) at risk of elevated ICP.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective, multicenter cohort study was conducted between June 1, 2018, and December 31, 2022, at 28 participating pediatric intensive care units in the Pediatric Acute and Critical Care Medicine in Asia Network (PACCMAN) and the Red Colaborativa Pediátrica de Latinoamérica (LARed) in Asia, Latin America, and Europe.