Music performance anxiety: the role of early parenting experiences and cognitive schemas.

Music Performance Anxiety (MPA) is a common challenge for classical musicians, however its etiology has received minimal research, particularly in regards to caregiver experiences during childhood and adolescence. The aim of this research was to explore the impact of childhood experiences with parents along with patterns of dysfunctional cognitive schemas that develop through childhood ('Early Maladaptive Schemas'; EMSs) on the manifestation and severity of MPA in adulthood. Study 1 employed 100 adult professional, amateur, and tertiary student classical musicians from across Australia.

Comparing guidelines for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

As we enter into the era of 'personalized medicine', many of the recommendations of 'evidence-based medicine' require scrutiny and adaptation to optimize individual outcomes. Several examples of these discrepancies are exemplified by the topics of aminosalicylate use in Crohn's disease, early use of biologic agents that target TNF and the role of calcineurin inhibitors versus anti-TNF agents in steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis.

Treat the patient or treat the disease?

Our therapeutic goals for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are evolving. Until the last decade the goals were primarily the treatment of symptoms. Regulatory approval for ulcerative colitis therapies have been based on short-term improvements in clinical indices and, most recently, the ability to heal the colonic mucosa, whereas approval for Crohn's disease therapies have been based on reductions in the CDAI (Crohn's Disease Activity Index).

Chronic gastrointestinal symptoms of Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson following Mexican-American War exposure: a medical hypothesis.

In a recent study, a large proportion of veterans seen for chronic heartburn or dyspepsia after the Persian Gulf War had evidence for Helicobacter pylori. Thomas Jackson was born and raised in an area of West Virginia that has a high prevalence of H. pylori.