Fusion, fission, and scrambling of the bilaterian genome in Bryozoa.

Groups of orthologous genes are commonly found together on the same chromosome over vast evolutionary distances. This extensive physical gene linkage, known as macrosynteny, is seen between bilaterian phyla as divergent as Chordata, Echinodermata, Mollusca, and Nemertea. Here, we report a unique pattern of genome evolution in Bryozoa, an understudied phylum of colonial invertebrates.

Complications in Shoulder Arthroplasty: Why Do They Happen and How to Manage Them.

Complications occur with total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA), and they can be daunting to diagnose and treat. It is important to review common TSA-related complications and to summarize risk factors along with causes of these complications and how to avoid them. The orthopaedic surgeon should be knowledgeable about how to successfully manage complications to achieve good patient outcomes and the etiologies and management of the painful and stiff shoulder arthroplasty, subscapularis failure after anatomic TSA, instability after reverse shoulder arthroplasty, and acromion stress fractures in the setting of reverse TSA.

Net Promoter Score as a Reflection of Patients' Opinions About Telemedical Visits: A Mixed Methods Analysis.

In order to assess patient experiences of telemedicine, researchers and administrators use the net promoter score (NPS), based on a likelihood to recommend (LTR) question. However, there is reason to doubt validity of this metric for this purpose. We assessed the degree to which the LTR question reflects actual patient preferences about telemedicine.

DEK :: AFF2 Fusion Sinonasal and Skull Base Nonkeratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma : A Clinical Outcome Study Compared With Conventional Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

DEK :: AFF2 fusion nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (NKSCC) is an emerging entity in the sinonasal tract, temporal bone, and skull base. However, the clinical behavior of these tumors has not been well studied. Here, we report the largest cohort of DEK :: AFF2 carcinomas to determine if morphology, mitotic rate, and/or Ki-67 IHC are associated with patient outcomes, including a comparison with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated and independent patients.