Study-phase reinstatement predicts subsequent recall.

Can the brain improve the retrievability of an experience after it has occurred? Systems consolidation theory proposes that item-specific cortical reactivation during post-encoding rest periods facilitates the formation of stable memory representations, a prediction supported by neural evidence in humans and animals. Such reactivation may also occur on shorter timescales, offering a potential account of classic list memory phenomena but lacking in support from neural data. Leveraging the high temporal specificity of intracranial electroencephalography (EEG), we investigate spontaneous reactivation of previously experienced items during brief intervals between individual encoding events.

Ventral capsule/ventral striatum deep brain stimulation versus anterior capsulotomy in treatment-resistant major depression: A systematic review and data analysis.

Background: Ventral capsule/ventral striatum deep brain stimulation (VC/VS-DBS) for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) has shown promising results. Despite its efficacy, DBS is costly and less accessible, while anterior capsulotomy (ACAPS), though permanent and non-adjustable, offers clinical advantages.

Methods: A systematic review and data analysis were conducted to evaluate articles reporting on clinical outcomes and adverse effects of VC/VS-DBS and ACAPS for TRD.