Two-stage surgical intervention for a rare case of intersected nasoethmoidal encephalocele and open-lip schizencephaly in an infant: illustrative case.

Background: Schizencephaly and encephaloceles are rare developmental birth defects, with the former involving abnormal clefts in the cerebral hemispheres connected to the ventricular system and the latter involving a neural tube defect characterized by the protrusion of brain tissue through an abnormal skull opening. These conditions are individually uncommon, and their simultaneous occurrence in a single patient is exceedingly unusual.

Observations: This case report explores the intersection of these two rare congenital malformations in a 2-month-old female patient from an indigenous community in a rural area of Colombia.

Cocoa Mucilage as a Novel Ingredient in Innovative Kombucha Fermentation.

Cocoa tree plantations aim to harvest grains found in the cob to produce cocoa and chocolate. There has been a growing interest in valorizing the secondary components of the cocoa fruit, such as the peel, placenta, and mucilage/pulp, as valuable sources of nutrients for healthy food preparation. In other words, by-products derived from these raw materials are an exploitable source of nutrients in the preparation of healthy food.

Brain electrical activity from encoding to retrieval while maintaining and manipulating information in working memory.

Differences between working memory maintenance (Mt) and manipulation (Mp) have been studied, mostly in the absence of stimuli (); and phases have been less explored. The present study assessed differences between Mt and Mp, by means of event-related potentials (ERPs) and event-related synchronisation (ERS) and desynchronisation (ERD) for theta, alpha and beta bands at: , and ; using a delayed-match to sample task (DMST). Twenty-six young volunteers solved two DMST conditions (one for Mt and one for Mp).