Publications by authors named "J Antalikova"

The important role of extracellular vesicles, which are considered key mediators of intercellular communication under physiological and pathological conditions, in various cellular processes, including those crucial for mammalian reproduction, has been increasingly studied. Tetraspanins, including CD63, are widely used as markers of extracellular vesicles, but they may also play a role in their biogenesis, cargo selection, cell targeting, and uptake. This study aimed to map the journey of the extracellular vesicle protein tetraspanin CD63 from the testis through the epididymis into mature bull sperm via an approach that included immunohistochemistry (immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining), Western blot analysis, and immunoprecipitation analysis.

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Mammalian spermatozoa have a surface covered with glycocalyx, consisting of heterogeneous glycoproteins and glycolipids. This complexity arises from diverse monosaccharides, distinct linkages, various isomeric glycans, branching levels, and saccharide sequences. The glycocalyx is synthesized by spermatozoa developing in the testis, and its subsequent alterations during their transit through the epididymis are a critical process for the sperm acquisition of fertilizing ability.

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Article Synopsis
  • Tetraspanin proteins play a crucial role in organizing cellular complexes on the membranes of most nucleated cells, but their specific functions in folliculogenesis and oogenesis in mammals are not fully understood.
  • New research has highlighted the distribution of tetraspanins CD9, CD81, CD151, CD82, and CD63 at various stages of follicular development in cattle, indicating possible cooperation between CD9, CD63, and integrin alpha V in ovarian tissues.
  • The study also uncovered unique localization patterns of tetraspanins in bovine oocytes and showed that the distribution of these proteins remains unchanged in vitrified oocytes, emphasizing their potential significance in oocyte development and fertilization processes in cattle.
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Integrins are transmembrane receptors expressed in all nucleated mammalian cells, critically involved in cell-matrix adhesion and cell-cell interactions that modulate many signalling cascades. It is assumed that integrins also provide essential functions of the reproductive system. In this study, we describe the detailed localization and distribution of αV integrin in the plasma membrane of bull sperm head and tail.

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The participation of extracellular vesicles in many cellular processes, including reproduction, is unquestionable. Although currently, the tetraspanin proteins found in extracellular vesicles are mostly applied as markers, increasing evidence points to their role in extracellular vesicle biogenesis, cargo selection, cell targeting, and cell uptake under both physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we bring other insight into the involvement of tetraspanin proteins in extracellular vesicle physiology in mammalian reproduction.

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