The effect of caffeine dose on caffeine and paraxanthine changes in serum and saliva and CYP1A2 enzyme activity in athletes: a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial.

Background: Although caffeine (CAF) supplementation has been shown to improve exercise performance, its dose-dependent effect on CAF metabolism has not been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 3, 6 and 9 mg of CAF/kg on changes of CAF and paraxanthine (PRX) in the serum and saliva at four time-points.

Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design, acute pre-exercise supplementation in 26 moderately-trained athletes, participating in high-intensity functional training (HIFT), was examined.

The Alteration of Circulating Invariant Natural Killer T, γδT, and Natural Killer Cells after Ischemic Stroke in Relation to Clinical Outcomes: A Prospective Case-Control Study.

The adaptive response occurs only after 7-10 days of antigen presentation. Nevertheless, the autoreactive T cells infiltrate the stroke lesion within the first 48 h. Thus, we hypothesized that the unconventional lymphocytes as invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT) and γδT cells that share immediate innate and delayed adaptive response features are involved in acute stroke pathophysiology.

Type IV resistant starch increases cecum short chain fatty acids level in rats.

Resistant starches are type of dietary fibers. However, their physiological effects depend on the way they resist digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that new type of RS4 preparations, of in vitro digestibility of about 50%, obtained by cross-linking and acetylation, acts as a prebiotic by increasing short chain fatty acids content in cecum digesta.

Food preferences of girls and nutritional value of diets and their effect on organisms of rats in terms of risk of obesity and atherosclerosis.

The study was conducted on 28 growing female Wistar rats, fed ad libitum for 84 days with four different diets: preferred poor, preferred rich, recommended and Labofeed B. The diet intake, feed efficiency, weight/length ratio, serum TG, TC and HDL-C levels were determined. Results were verified statistically using one-way ANOVA and the Scheffe test.

Nutraceutical inhibitors of urokinase: potential applications in prostate cancer prevention and treatment.

Epidemiological studies have shown that the clinical incidence of prostate cancer varies by geographical area. When individuals move from low to high prostate cancer incidence areas, the risk of developing cancer increases to the level observed in the indigenous population. It was hypothesized that this observation is related to diet or more specifically to nutraceuticals present in food, medicinal plants, and herbs.