Organocatalytic CS insertion into epoxides in neat conditions: a straightforward approach for the efficient synthesis of Di- and tri-thiocarbonates.

The straightforward organocatalytic insertion of carbon disulfide (CS) into epoxides using either choline chloride () or tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBACl) is reported, for the first time, under solvent-free (neat) conditions. Fine-tuning of our system allowed us to obtain either dithiocarbonates (DTCs) or trithiocarbonates (TTCs) with high efficiency. Additionally, a mechanistic proposal is presented, supported by experimental evidence, DFT calculations and wavefunction analyses.

Effects of a synthetic analogue of the bovine appeasing pheromone on the overall welfare of dairy calves from birth through weaning.

Environmental enrichment in the form of synthetic analogs of appeasing pheromones have shown promising results in improving the welfare of domestic animals including dogs, pigs, horses, and cattle. The main objective of this study was to determine if the use of the bovine appeasing pheromone (BAP) would improve the welfare of dairy calves; therefore, in this randomized controlled trial, 72 Holstein Friesian dairy calves were housed in individual hutches after birth and were randomly allocated to receive BAP or a placebo once every 2 weeks from birth through weaning. After weaning, calves were moved to group hutches according to treatment for 4 additional weeks.

Absorption Intensities of Organic Molecules from Electronic Structure Calculations versus Experiments: the Effect of Solvation, Method, Basis Set, and Transition Moment Gauge.

Recently, we derived experimental oscillator strengths (OSs) from well-defined UV-visible absorption spectral peaks of 100 molecules in solution. Here, we focus on a subset of transitions with the highest reliability to further benchmark the OSs from several wave function methods and density functionals. We consider multiple basis sets, transition moment gauges (length, velocity, and mixed), and solvent corrections.

Access to Substituted 1,1-Diarylalkanes by Friedel-Crafts Benzylations Mediated by FeCl-based Deep Eutectic Solvents.

The development of new, more efficient Friedel-Crafts benzylation methodologies that provide access to 1,1-diarylalkanes is an important objective of interest for the production of pharmaceuticals and fine chemical products. In this regard, this study introduces a novel synthetic route to 1,1-diarylalkanes conducted in the Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) 3 FeCl ⋅ 6 HO/Gly, which serves as both a reaction medium and promoter. Under these conditions, Friedel-Crafts benzylations of various arenes bearing activating and deactivating ortho-/para-directing groups, can be performed using diverse benzylating reagents such as styrenes, alcohols, acetates, ethers, and chlorides.

Readability and Comprehension of Anesthesia Informed Consent Forms in a Spanish County Hospital: An Observational Study.

(1) Background: The wording of informed consent forms could hinder their comprehension and hinder patients' autonomous choice. The objective of this study was to analyze the readability and comprehension of anesthesia informed consent forms in a Spanish county hospital. (2) Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out on patients who were going to undergo anesthetic techniques.