Stable Nitroxide as Diagnostic Tools for Monitoring of Oxidative Stress and Hypoalbuminemia in the Context of COVID-19.

Oxidative stress is a major source of ROS-mediated damage to macromolecules, tissues, and the whole body. It is an important marker in the severe picture of pathological conditions. The discovery of free radicals in biological systems gives a "start" to studying various pathological processes related to the development and progression of many diseases.

A Rare Case of Large Lateral Chest Wall Hibernoma.

Hibernomas, rare benign tumors originating from brown adipose tissue, pose diagnostic challenges due to their infrequent occurrence and slow growth. We present a case of a 38-year-old woman with a progressively enlarging mass in her right lateral chest wall, initially stable in size but growing during pregnancy and causing pain and functional impairment. Radiological evaluation, including x-ray and MRI, provided inconclusive results, necessitating a biopsy for a definitive diagnosis.

Are There Any Differences in the Healing Capacity between the Medial Collateral Ligament's (MCL) Proximal and Distal Parts in the Human Knee? Quantitative and Immunohistochemical Analysis of CD34, α-Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA), and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Expression Regarding the Epiligament (EL) Theory.

The human knee is a complex joint that comprises several ligaments, including the medial collateral ligament (MCL). The MCL provides stability to the knee and helps prevent its excessive inward movement. The MCL also has a thin layer of connective tissue known as the epiligament (EL), which adheres to the ligament.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Thumb: A Case Report.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common tumor of the hand with a high tendency for local recurrence and a low rate of metastasis. Herein, we present an interesting case of SCC of the thumb of the right hand in a 68-year-old patient with one recurrence, treated with surgical excision and following radiotherapy. Five years postoperative, there are no clinical and imaging data for local recurrence, as well as the presence of metastases.

Role of Elevated Serum TGF-β1 and the Common Promoter -509C/T Polymorphism in the Development and Progression of Primary Glial Tumors and Brain Metastases.

: The role of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) has been widely studied in the context of carcinogenesis. It has been involved in the pathogenesis of primary brain tumors or brain metastases due to its pleiotropic effects on immune regulation and tissue homeostasis. In line with recent findings, the aim of the current study was to examine the role of circulating TGF-β1 and the -509C/T functional polymorphism (rs1800469) in the gene promoter in the susceptibility and progression of primary brain tumors and brain metastases among patients from the Bulgarian population.