Satiety Hormone LEAP2 After Low-Calorie Diet With/Without Endobarrier Insertion in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Context: The liver/foregut satiety hormone liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) is an inverse agonist at the acyl ghrelin receptor (GHSR), increasing after food intake and decreasing after bariatric surgery and short-term nonsurgical weight loss, but effects of long-term dietary weight loss are unknown.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine and compare the effects of these interventions on fasting and postprandial plasma LEAP2 and investigate potential metabolic mediators of changes in plasma LEAP2.

Methods: Plasma LEAP2 was measured in a previously published 2-year trial comparing standard medical management (SMM) (including 600-kcal/day deficit) with duodenal-jejunal bypass liner (DJBL, Endobarrier) insertion (explanted after 1 year) in adults with obesity and inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Impact of an educational intervention on water, sanitation and hygiene knowledge, attitudes, and practices in early childhood development centres in low-socio-economic areas in the Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa.

Good water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) enhance healthy living and safe environments for child development. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on WASH status, knowledge, attitudes and practices in early child development (ECD) centres in low socio-economic areas in the Nelson Mandela Bay in 2021. This quasi-experimental, one group, pre-post-test study elicited responses from 51 ECD practitioners (1 per ECD centre).

Antibody Responses to Influenza Vaccination are Diminished in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease on Infliximab or Tofacitinib.

Background And Aims: We sought to determine whether six commonly used immunosuppressive regimens were associated with lower antibody responses after seasonal influenza vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD].

Methods: We conducted a prospective study including 213 IBD patients and 53 healthy controls: 165 who had received seasonal influenza vaccine and 101 who had not. IBD medications included infliximab, thiopurines, infliximab and thiopurine combination therapy, ustekinumab, vedolizumab, or tofacitinib.

Neutralising antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 and wild-type virus in patients with inflammatory bowel disease following three doses of COVID-19 vaccine (VIP): a prospective, multicentre, cohort study.

Background: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) receiving anti-TNF and JAK-inhibitor therapy have attenuated responses to COVID-19 vaccination. We aimed to determine how IBD treatments affect neutralising antibody responses against the Omicron BA.4/5 variant.

Pathobionts in the tumour microbiota predict survival following resection for colorectal cancer.

Background And Aims: The gut microbiota is implicated in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to map the CRC mucosal microbiota and metabolome and define the influence of the tumoral microbiota on oncological outcomes.

Methods: A multicentre, prospective observational study was conducted of CRC patients undergoing primary surgical resection in the UK (n = 74) and Czech Republic (n = 61).