Sex differences persist in visuospatial mental rotation under 3D VR conditions.

The classic Vandenberg and Kuse Mental Rotations Test (MRT) shows a male advantage for visuospatial rotation. However, MRTs that have been adapted for use with real or physical objects have found that sex differences are reduced or abolished. Previous work has also suggested that virtual 3D objects will eliminate sex differences, although this has not been demonstrated in a purely visuospatial paradigm without motor input.

The Impact of Load Mass and Distribution on Heart Rate, Perceived Exertion, and Accelerometer Measured Physical Activity During Running.

Many tactical athletes (military and emergency personnel) have fixed load carriage occupational requirements. Understanding the effects of running with common military "fighting loads" (no load to approximately 18 kg) on heart rate (HR), perceived exertion (RPE), and measuring it with accelerometers has implications for training and ensuring physical readiness of recruits. Eleven (7 male and 4 female) civilians (21.

Active Virtual Reality Games: Comparing Energy Expenditure, Game Experience, and Cybersickness to Traditional Gaming and Exercise in Youth Aged 8-12.

The purpose of this study was to (1) quantify the oxygen consumption (VO) and heart rate (HR) of virtual reality (VR) exergaming in youth, (2) compare the physical activity intensity of VR gaming to moderate-intensity thresholds, and (3) quantify the game experience and cybersickness of VR gaming, compared with traditional gaming. Youth ( = 28; age, 9.4 ± 1.

Comparing surgeries to restore upper extremity function in tetraplegia: Impact on function during the perioperative period.

Context/objective: To assess short-term changes in health outcomes in people with cervical-level spinal cord injury (SCI) who underwent upper extremity (UE) reconstruction via either novel nerve transfer (NT) or traditional tendon transfer (TT) surgery with individuals who did not undergo UE surgical reconstruction.

Design: Prospective, comparative cohort pilot study.

Participants: 34 participants with cervical SCI met the following inclusion criteria: age 18 or older, greater than 6 months post-injury, and mid-cervical level SCI American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) A, B or C.

Perception of the McGurk effect in people with one eye depends on whether the eye is removed during infancy or adulthood.

Background: The visual system is not fully mature at birth and continues to develop throughout infancy until it reaches adult levels through late childhood and adolescence. Disruption of vision during this postnatal period and prior to visual maturation results in deficits of visual processing and in turn may affect the development of complementary senses. Studying people who have had one eye surgically removed during early postnatal development is a useful model for understanding timelines of sensory development and the role of binocularity in visual system maturation.