Are large language models valid tools for patient information on lumbar disc herniation? The spine surgeons' perspective.

Introduction: Generative AI is revolutionizing patient education in healthcare, particularly through chatbots that offer personalized, clear medical information. Reliability and accuracy are vital in AI-driven patient education.

Research Question: How effective are Large Language Models (LLM), such as ChatGPT and Google Bard, in delivering accurate and understandable patient education on lumbar disc herniation?

Material And Methods: Ten Frequently Asked Questions about lumbar disc herniation were selected from 133 questions and were submitted to three LLMs.

Patient-reported outcomes 1 and 2 years after transforaminal thoracic interbody fusion (TTIF).

Study Design: Retrospective Cohort Study with prospectively collected data.

Purpose: Transforaminal interbody fusion was initially designed for the lumbar spine. A similar approach was later introduced for the thoracic spine (TTIF).

Effects of inorganic ions on autotrophic denitrification by Thiobacillus denitrificans and on heterotrophic denitrification by an enrichment culture.

Salinity of nitrate-laden wastewaters, such as those produced by metal industries, tanneries, and wet flue gas cleaning systems may affect their treatment by denitrification. Salt inhibition of denitrification has been reported, while impacts of individual ions remain poorly understood whilst being relevant for wastewaters where often the concentration of a single ion rather than the salts varies. The aim of this study was to determine the inhibition by inorganic ions (Na, Cl, SO and K) commonly present in saline wastewaters on denitrification and reveal its potential for the treatment of such waste streams, like those produced by NO-SO removal scrubbers.

Removal of arsenic from acidic liquors using chemical and autotrophic and mixed heterotrophic bacteria-produced biogenic schwertmannites.

Arsenic penetrates human society through a variety of geological and anthropogenic processes, posing significant health hazards. Acid mine drainage, which contains high concentrations of heavy metals and sulfate, is formed by the biological oxidation of pyrite and other metal-containing sulfidic minerals and is a significant environmental hazard. Adsorption is a simple and effective method for removing arsenic from water.

EPELI: a novel virtual reality task for the assessment of goal-directed behavior in real-life contexts.

A recently developed virtual reality task, EPELI (Executive Performance in Everyday LIving), quantifies goal-directed behavior in naturalistic conditions. Participants navigate a virtual apartment, performing household chores given by a virtual character. EPELI aims to tap attention, executive function, and prospective memory.