[Large grazers in the Dutch wetland "de Oostvaardersplassen." Reaction to the "Guide to Large Grazers" of the State Secretary for Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries].

The recently published 'Guidelines large herbivores'from the Secretary of State Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries are commented upon. These Guidelines pay insufficient attention to the welfare of the animals used. Only the management of domestic animals is discussed while the management of the deer, which form an integral part of the system is left open.

Ultrastructural changes of the basement membrane zone in benign lesions of the vocal folds.

The basement membrane zone (BMZ) of the epithelium of the vocal folds was investigated electron microscopically in 10 patients suffering from various benign lesions and in 3 controls. Various defects were observed: a thickening by deposition of electron dense material, a loss of normal architecture, and a near absence of normal hemidesmosomes and anchoring fibers. Beside these previously reported phenomena, many vesicles carrying electron dense material were found near the plasma membrane.