Empowerment-oriented strategies to identify behavior change in patients with chronic diseases: An integrative review of the literature.

Background: Chronic diseases in the Americas account for about 80 % (5.2 million) of all deaths. Instruments are needed to enhance knowledge, skills, behavior change and self-care attitudes drawing on patient autonomy.

Cranial nerve cavernous malformations causing trigeminal neuralgia and chiasmal apoplexy: Report of 2 cases and review of the literature.

Background: Cavernous malformations (CMs) confined to the cranial nerves (CN) are extremely rare lesions.

Case Description: The authors report 2 cases of CMs, one involving the trigeminal nerve presenting with a 3 years history of a refractory right trigeminal neuralgia that was microsurgically resected by a retromastoid approach with resolution of the neuralgia; and another CM involving the chiasma with an abrupt onset of vision loss with acute intralesional bleeding that was removed through a right pterional approach with vision improvement.

Conclusion: Surgical resection is recommended in the context of progressive significant neurological deficit, emergency decompression as a result of recent hemorrhage for symptomatic relief or increase in size on serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Diffusion-weighted MR imaging findings in an isolated abscess of the clivus.

We report the finding of restricted diffusion in an isolated abscess of the clivus and discuss the imaging differential diagnosis, with an emphasis on the usefulness of diffusion-weighted imaging.

[Primary angiitis of the central nervous system: an infrequent form of presentation].

Introduction: Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (CNS) is a rare disease. Clinical signs and symptoms include headache and cognitive disorders associated to multifocal neurological deficits. A definitive diagnosis can only be achieved by means of a cerebromeningeal biopsy.