Farmed stage (age)-dependent accumulation and size of microplastics in Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp reared in a super-intensive controlled system.

The abundance of microplastics (MPs) in the gastrointestinal tract (GT), gills (GI), and exoskeleton (EX) of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp cultured in a commercial indoor super-intensive controlled (ISCO) system was investigated. Shrimp of 25 days (postlarvae; PL25), and one, three, five, and seven culture months were analyzed. The postlarvae PL25 MP abundance per individual and gram of PL (wet weight) was 0.

Congenital lingual cyst: Expression of MUC protein and report of a new case.

Lingual congenital cysts are uncommon lesions that alter the functions of speech, swallowing and breathing when they have considerable dimension. They usually appear from birth and increase in size gradually in childhood and adolescence. While there are a considerable number of case reports, the nomenclature and origin of this lesion are controversial.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metamizol in co-administration with morphine under acute and chronic treatments in arthritic rats.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between metamizol pharmacokinetics and the antinociceptive effect produced after subcutaneous administration of metamizol (177.8 mg/kg) alone or in combination with morphine (3.2 mg/kg), under acute and chronic treatments.

Effect of tramadol on metamizol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics after single and repeated administrations in arthritic rats.

Combined administration of certain doses of opioid compounds with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug can produce additive or supra-additive effects while reducing unwanted effects. We have recently reported that co-administration of metamizol with tramadol produces antinociceptive effect potentiation, after acute treatment. However, none information about the effect produced by the combination after chronic or repeated dose administration exists.

The Antinociceptive Effects of Tramadol and/or Gabapentin on Rat Neuropathic Pain Induced by a Chronic Constriction Injury.

Preclinical Research The current work evaluates the interaction between two commonly used drugs, tramadol (Tra) and gabapentin (Gbp). Dose-response curves (DRC) and isobolographic analysis were used to confirm their synergistic antihyperalgesic and anti-allodynic responses in a rat neuropathic pain model involving chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve and in von Frey and acetone tests. Tra and Gbp produced dose-dependent antihyperalgesic and anti-allodynic effects.