3D printed model for flexible ureteroscopy training, a low-cost option for surgical training.

Introduction: Training in experimental models is a valid option that improves the outcomes and shortens surgical learning curves. Our objective was to develop a 3D printed plastic model for teaching, training and education in flexible ureteroscopy, analyzing costs and suitability for the practice of this surgical technique.

Methods: A 3D printed model was developed based on a CT scan from a real-life patient's upper urinary tract.

Evaluation of teleconsultation system in the urological patient during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: The global pandemic of COVID-19 has led to rapid implementation of telemedicine, but there is little information on patient satisfaction of this system as an alternative to face-to-face care.

Objective: To evaluate urological patient satisfaction with teleconsultation during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Material And Methods: Observational, prospective, cross-sectional, non-interventional study carried out by telephone survey during the period considered as the peak of the pandemic (March-April 2020).

Prone percutaneous nephrolithotomy: its advantages and our technique for puncture.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is considered the treatment of choice for large urinary calculi and staghorn lithiasis. The approach for this surgery may be either supine or prone, and different access techniques are described in the literature with the use of ultrasound, fluoroscopy, or both combined. We believe that prone PCNL offers to the urologist key advantages, such as the possibility of puncturing anatomically abnormal urinary tracts, to perform multiple percutaneous tracts in the same kidney, experiencing the vacuum cleaner effect, ease of exploring the upper calyx through the inferior calyx, possibility to perform endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery (ECIRS) and bilateral simultaneous surgery, and to performed over local anesthesia.

Small-calibre percutaneous nephrolithotomy (SC-PCNL). Therapeutic decision algorithm.

Introduction: The progressive reduction in the calibre of the tract in percutaneous kidney surgery to the point of miniaturisation has expanded its use to smaller stones that until now have been treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS).

Objective: To provide an update on the various techniques of small-calibre nephrolithotomy (SC-PCNL) analyse their efficacy, safety and indications and determine their degree of implantation at this time.

Material And Methods: We performed a review in PubMed of Spanish and English medical literature on the various techniques of SC-PCNL.