Partial Avulsion Patterns in the Pediatric Humeral Medial Epicondyle.

Background: The anterior oblique bundle of the medial ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) inserts on the anteroinferior aspect of the humeral medial epicondyle, while the flexor pronator mass (FPM) originates superficial and proximal to the UCL. With valgus stress, these distinct footprints may produce injury patterns that affect only focal areas of the medial epicondyle.

Hypothesis: The proximal UCL can act on the medial epicondyle either in isolation or in conjunction with the FPM to form partial avulsion fracture patterns within the pediatric medial epicondyle, and the predominant pattern involves only the proximal UCL footprint.

Genomics yields biological and phenotypic insights into bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease. Despite high heritability (60-80%), the majority of the underlying genetic determinants remain unknown. We analysed data from participants of European, East Asian, African American and Latino ancestries (n = 158,036 cases with bipolar disorder, 2.

Patient specific variables impact sensitivity to association between joint balance and 2 Year outcomes.

Background: This study investigates the association between intra-operative balance and 2-year outcomes within subgroups defined by demographics and pre-operative joint balance. Our hypothesis is that patient demographics and the pre-operative state of the joint will impact patient sensitivity to post-operative balance and laxity and subsequent impact on outcome.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of prospectively captured data across 5 sites with 5 surgeons was performed.

Acidogenic fermentation of Ulva in a fed-batch reactor system: tubular versus foliose biomass.

The present study proposes a biorefinery of the macroalgae Ulva, focusing on evaluating two different morphologies of the species (foliose and tubular) during acidogenic fermentation in fed-batch reactors. Stage 1 of the study evaluates lyophilised foliose and tubular Ulva, whilst Stage 2 analyses the impact of ulvan extraction on volatile fatty acids yield and changes in carbohydrate availability. Acetic, propionic, and butyric acids were produced from each substrate, with peak concentrations of total VFAs recorded at 2179.