Resting fMRI-guided TMS evokes subgenual anterior cingulate response in depression.

Background: Depression alleviation following treatment with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) tends to be more effective when TMS is targeted to cortical areas with high (negative) resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) with the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC). However, the relationship between sgACC-cortex rsFC and the TMS-evoked response in the sgACC is still being explored and has not yet been established in depressed patients.

Objectives: In this study, we investigated the relationship between sgACC-cortical (site of stimulation) rsFC and induced evoked responses in the sgACC in healthy controls and depressed patients.

Lesions to different regions of frontal cortex have dissociable effects on voluntary persistence.

Deciding how long to keep waiting for uncertain future rewards is a complex problem. Previous research has shown that choosing to stop waiting results from an evaluative process that weighs the subjective value of the awaited reward against the opportunity cost of waiting. Activity in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) tracks the dynamics of this evaluation, while activation in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and anterior insula (AI) ramps up before a decision to quit is made.

Continued influence of false accusations in forming impressions of political candidates.

Previous work has shown that false information affects decision-making even after being corrected, a phenomenon known as "continued influence effects" (CIEs). Using mock social media posts about fictional political candidates, we observe robust within-participant CIEs: candidates targeted by corrected accusations are rated more poorly than candidates not targeted by allegations. These effects occur both immediately and after as much as a 2-day delay.

Prenatal alcohol exposure and health at midlife: Self-reported health outcomes in two cohorts.

Background: The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Hypothesis (DOHaD) suggests prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) should have implications for adult physical and mental health. Since the health profile of older adults with PAE and diagnoses of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is unknown, the current study evaluates self-reported health problems of midlife adults with and without a history of PAE to describe these outcomes.

Methods: Participants (N = 357) recruited from longitudinal cohorts in Atlanta, GA and Seattle, WA completed a health survey assessing a range of physical conditions.