Growth inhibition by exogenous proline and its metabolism in saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) suspension cultures.

The growth of Distichlis spicata suspension cultures in LS medium without NaCl was inhibited 54% by 2 mM proline. In medium containing 260 mM NaCl, 10 mM proline inhibited growth by only 22%. The uptake and metabolism of 10 mM L-[1-(13)C] proline was followed by (13)C NMR and ninhydrin analyses of suspensions cultured in the presence of 0 or 260 mM NaCl.

Hemicelluloses of cell walls of a proso millet cell suspension culture.

Cell wall composition of a stable suspension of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L. cv Abarr) cells is similar to those of tissues and cell suspensions of other graminaceous species. Extraction of hemicelluloses with step-wise increasing concentrations of alkali yields materials that, like those of embryonal cells of maize coleoptiles, comprise mostly glucuronoarabinoxylan, xyloglucan, and small amounts of (1-3),(1-4)-beta-d-glucan.

Use of Na-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance To Follow Sodium Uptake and Efflux in NaCl-Adapted and Nonadapted Millet (Panicum miliaceum) Suspensions.

Cellular Na(+) transport was followed in vivo by (23)Na nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) using anionic dysprosium-based shift reagents to resolve internal and external (23)Na(+) resonances. Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) cell suspensions adapted for rapid growth on 130 mm NaCl had biphasic (23)Na efflux kinetics when shifted to low Na(+) medium, while nonadapted cells had little measurable Na(+) efflux after preloading with (23)NaCl. Uptake of (23)Na was also observed using (23)Na NMR.

Long-duration, high-frequency plant regeneration from cereal tissue cultures.

By visual examination of calli derived from germinating seeds of wheat, oats, rice, proso millet, and pearl millet it has been possible to visually select embryogenic (E) callus which, on transfer to a regeneration medium, forms plants an average of 33 times more frequently than non-embryogenic (NE) callus of equal mass. Embryogenic callus consists of small isodiametric cells averaging 31 μm in diameter; NE callus consists of long tubular cells averaging 52 μm in width and 355 μm in length. Production of E callus is in many cases promoted by media containing 2,4-di- or 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D or 2,4,5-T) plus indole-3-acetic acid or tryptophan+kinetin.

Growth, water content, and solute accumulation of two tobacco cell lines cultured on sodium chloride, dextran, and polyethylene glycol.

Simulated drought tolerance was compared for an NaCl-adapted and a nonadapted cell line of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum var. Samsum) to determine the relationship of salt and drought tolerances. The osmotic adjustment and growth of these two lines was followed when cultured on solid media which contained isosmotic concentrations of NaCl, KCl, polyethylene glycol (PEG) or dextran.