The Trail of axonal protein Synthesis: Origins and current functional Landscapes.

Local protein synthesis (LPS) in axons is now recognized as a physiological process, participating both in the maintenance of axonal function and diverse plastic phenomena. In the last decades of the 20th century, the existence and function of axonal LPS were topics of significant debate. Very early, axonal LPS was thought not to occur at all and was later accepted to play roles only during development or in response to specific conditions.

Functional Genomics of Axons and Synapses to Understand Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Functional genomics studies through transcriptomics, translatomics and proteomics have become increasingly important tools to understand the molecular basis of biological systems in the last decade. In most cases, when these approaches are applied to the nervous system, they are centered in cell bodies or somatodendritic compartments, as these are easier to isolate and, at least , contain most of the mRNA and proteins present in all neuronal compartments. However, key functional processes and many neuronal disorders are initiated by changes occurring far away from cell bodies, particularly in axons (axopathologies) and synapses (synaptopathies).

Rat Sciatic Nerve Axoplasm Proteome Is Enriched with Ribosomal Proteins during Regeneration Processes.

Axons are complex subcellular compartments that are extremely long in relation to cell bodies, especially in peripheral nerves. Many processes are required and regulated during axon injury, including anterograde and retrograde transport, glia-to-axon macromolecular transfer, and local axonal protein synthesis. Many omics approaches have been used to gain insight into these processes, but few have been applied .

Novel Plicating "Wrap" Technique for Treating Anterior Urethral Ballooning.

Objective: To describe an original approach, inspired by the technique proposed by Kalicinsky, which has the advantages of not requiring opening of the urethra, modeling the urethra to a suitable caliber without urethral anastomosis and providing the urethra with a solid and stretchable ventral support.

Materials And Methods: We operated on 3 cases of anterior urethral ballooning between November 2013 and June 2014. Retrograde and micturition urethrography ruled out any urethral anastomosis and disclosed the ballooning.

Can endoscopic balloon dilation for primary obstructive megaureter be effective in a long-term follow-up?

Background: Ureteral tapering and reimplantation is an established treatment for persistent or progressive primary obstructive megaureter (POM) but may result in complications and morbidity. Use of a less invasive technique involving endoscopic balloon dilation appears very interesting.

Objective: The objective of this report is to determine if endoscopic balloon dilation for POM is effective in the long term as well as to assess complications of the procedure.