Chemical Differences in Environmental Films Collected on Surfaces with Different Hydrophilicity.

Environmental films form when airborne particles and molecular species adsorb on solid surfaces. Recent studies have characterized these films but overlook how collection methods and host-surface character (orientation, chemical functionality, or height) change the deposition process. In this work, environmental films are collected at a rural location on gold and silicon surfaces (water contact angles of ca.

: a large language model that generates search queries for systematic reviews.

Objectives: Development of search queries for systematic reviews (SRs) is time-consuming. In this work, we capitalize on recent advances in large language models (LLMs) and a relatively large dataset of natural language descriptions of reviews and corresponding Boolean searches to generate Boolean search queries from SR titles and key questions.

Materials And Methods: We curated a training dataset of 10 346 SR search queries registered in PROSPERO.

Odds of Attaining Orthopaedic Leadership Based on Race, Ethnicity, and Sex.

Background: Despite widespread acceptance of the importance of diversity in leadership, systemic challenges in leadership attainment in orthopaedic surgery still exist for several groups. We hypothesize that women, underrepresented in medicine groups, and Asians have decreased odds of achieving program director and chairperson positions compared with peers.

Methods: Demographic data were collected from the Association of American Medical Colleges for faculty, program directors, and chairpersons in orthopaedic surgery.

Universal DNA methylation age across mammalian tissues.

Aging, often considered a result of random cellular damage, can be accurately estimated using DNA methylation profiles, the foundation of pan-tissue epigenetic clocks. Here, we demonstrate the development of universal pan-mammalian clocks, using 11,754 methylation arrays from our Mammalian Methylation Consortium, which encompass 59 tissue types across 185 mammalian species. These predictive models estimate mammalian tissue age with high accuracy (r > 0.