Venomous Peptides: Molecular Origin of the Toxicity of Snake Venom PLA-like Peptides.

Snakebite envenoming claims 81-138 thousand lives annually, with vipers responsible for many of those. Phospholipase A (PLA) enzymes and PLA-like proteins are among the most important viper venom toxins. The latter are particularly intriguing, as three decades after their discovery, their molecular mechanism of toxicity is still poorly understood at best.

Delivery and controlled release abilities of chitosan/carboxymethylcellulose micropolyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) toward niacinamide (vitamin B3).

The administration of bioactive compounds presents challenges due to the numerous physiological barriers in the gastrointestinal tract. To deal with one of these challenges, chitosan (CHS)/carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) micropolyelectrolyte complexes (micro-PECs) were developed without the use of crosslinking agents to carry niacinamide, a model hydrophilic bioactive agent. A Box-Behnken design was used to study the effects of processing time (X = 60, 120 or 180 min), pH (X = 3, 4 or 5) and niacinamide concentration (X = 0.

Palm Oil (): A Journey through Sustainability, Processing, and Utilization.

Palm oil, derived from , is a critical component of the global edible oil and industrial fat market. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the sustainability of the palm oil chain, focusing on industrial applications, environmental implications, and economic sustainability. The processing of palm oil, from fruit pulp to refined oil, is detailed, highlighting the importance of refining in maintaining quality and extending application ranges.

Extraction and application of lipids from edible insects.

Research on new food sources is a worldwide challenge due to the constant increase in the global population. In this scenario, insects and bug based products have been investigated as feasible food alternatives. They are nutritionally healthy and environmentally sustainable.