An integrative literature review of factors contributing to hypothermia in adults during the emergent (ebb) phase of a severe burn injury.

Background: During the emergent (ebb) phase (first 72 h), the adult person with a severe burn experiences loss of body heat, decreased metabolism, and poor tissue perfusion putting them at risk of hypothermia, increased morbidity, and mortality. Therefore, timely and targeted care is imperative.

Aim: The aim of this integrative literature review was to develop a framework of the factors contributing to hypothermia in adults with a severe burn injury during the emergent (ebb) phase.

A Mississippian (early Carboniferous) tetrapod showing early diversification of the hindlimbs.

The taxonomically diverse terrestrial tetrapod fauna from the late Mississippian East Kirkton Limestone includes the earliest known members of stem Amphibia and stem Amniota. Here we name and describe a new East Kirkton tetrapod with an unusual hindlimb morphology reminiscent of that of several stem- and primitive crown amniotes. It displays a unique ilium with two slender and elongate processes and a 5-digit pes with a long, stout metatarsal IV and a greatly elongate digit IV.

Factors contributing to the restoration of normothermia after hypothermia in people with a major burn injury in the first 24 h of hospital admission.

Background: People with burn injury experiencing hypothermia are at risk of serious complications such as shock, multisystem organ failure, and death. There is limited information available for health professionals with regard to factors that contribute to restoration of normothermia after hypothermia in people with a major burn injury.

Objective: The aim of the study was to identify factors that contribute to normothermia restoration after hypothermia in people with 10% or more total body surface area (TBSA) burn in the first 24 h of admission to a burn care hospital.

Evolution of forelimb musculoskeletal function across the fish-to-tetrapod transition.

One of the most intriguing questions in vertebrate evolution is how tetrapods gained the ability to walk on land. Although many hypotheses have been proposed, few have been rigorously tested using the fossil record. Here, we build three-dimensional musculoskeletal models of the pectoral appendage in , , and and quantitatively examine changes in forelimb function across the fin-to-limb transition.

Functional adaptive landscapes predict terrestrial capacity at the origin of limbs.

The acquisition of terrestrial, limb-based locomotion during tetrapod evolution has remained a subject of debate for more than a century. Our current understanding of the locomotor transition from water to land is largely based on a few exemplar fossils such as Tiktaalik, Acanthostega, Ichthyostega and Pederpes. However, isolated bony elements may reveal hidden functional diversity, providing a more comprehensive evolutionary perspective.