Probability Density Function Models for Float Glass under Mechanical Loading with Varying Parameters.

Glass as a construction material has become indispensable and is still on the rise in the building industry. However, there is still a need for numerical models that can predict the strength of structural glass in different configurations. The complexity lies in the failure of glass elements largely driven by pre-existing microscopic surface flaws.

Complete radical nephrectomy and vena caval thrombectomy during circulatory arrest.

Purpose: A modification of radical nephrectomy for renal carcinoma and vena caval tumor thrombectomy for supradiaphragmatic tumor extension under hypothermic circulatory arrest is presented.

Materials And Methods: Nephrectomy was performed during the circulatory arrest time in 16 consecutive patients during the last 4 years.

Results: Average hypothermic circulatory arrest time increased by 6 minutes.

Application of retrograde cerebral perfusion and moderate systemic hypothermic circulatory arrest for cavoatrial tumor resection.

Renal tumors invading the inferior vena cava have proved to be surgically challenging. For suprahepatic and right atrial involvement, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) has been the favored procedure. Retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP) was combined with moderate HCA in an effort to improve cerebral protection and avoid neurological sequelae.