Spatial Distribution of Ammonia Concentrations and Modeled Dry Deposition in an Intensive Dairy Production Region.

Agriculture generates ~83% of total US ammonia (NH) emissions, potentially adversely impacting sensitive ecosystems through wet and dry deposition. Regions with intense livestock production, such as the dairy region of south-central Idaho, generate hotspots of NH emissions. Our objective was to measure the spatial and temporal variability of NH across this region and estimate its dry deposition.

Impact of Heatwaves and Declining NO on Nocturnal Monoterpene Oxidation in the Urban Southeastern United States.

Nighttime oxidation of monoterpenes (MT) via the nitrate radical (NO) and ozone (O) contributes to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). This study uses observations in Atlanta, Georgia from 2011-2022 to quantify trends in nighttime production of NO (PNO) and O concentrations and compare to model outputs from the EPA's Air QUAlity TimE Series Project (EQUATES). We present urban-suburban gradients in nighttime NO and O concentrations and quantify their fractional importance (F) for MT oxidation.

Sensitivity of air quality to vehicle ammonia emissions in the United States.

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates on-road vehicles emissions using the Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES). We developed updated ammonia emission rates for MOVES based on road-side exhaust emission measurements of light-duty gasoline and heavy-duty diesel vehicles. The resulting nationwide on-road vehicle ammonia emissions are 1.

Outcomes of a Standardized Pain Pathway for Transgender Patients Undergoing Vaginoplasty and Vulvoplasty.

Objective: To establish and evaluate a multimodal, opioid-minimizing pathway for gender-affirming vaginoplasty (GAVa) and vulvoplasty (GAVu) in treating postoperative pain.

Methods: A standardized pain pathway including opioids, non-opioid analgesics, and patient counseling was implemented at a single academic institution with a center for transgender care. Postoperative pain levels, analgesia methods, and opioid use for 84 GAVa and 64 GAVu patients were prospectively gathered during inpatient postoperative days 2-4 and outpatient follow-up at 2 weeks.