The role of probiotics in improving menstrual health in women with primary dysmenorrhoea: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (the PERIOD study).

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is associated with poorer quality of life; however, the causal mechanism remains unclear. A vast body of literature supports the use of oral probiotics for relief from the symptoms of endometriosis; however, to our knowledge, no study has prescribed probiotics for primary dysmenorrhea.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of 3-month supplementation with oral probiotics on quality of life and inflammatory markers in women with primary dysmenorrhea.

Elevated serum CA 19-9 with adnexal mass: is it always an ovarian malignancy?

Endometriotic cysts a common benign gynaecological disease in women of reproductive age. We report an unusual case of ruptured endometrioma associated with increased CA 19-9. A 27-year-old woman presented with an acute abdomenal adnexal mass and elevated CA 19-9.