Combined 1-Deoxynojirimycin and Ibuprofen Treatment Decreases Microglial Activation, Phagocytosis and Dopaminergic Degeneration in MPTP-Treated Mice.

Inflammation is a predominant aspect of neurodegenerative diseases and experimental studies performed in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) suggesting that a sustained neuroinflammation exacerbates the nigrostriatal degeneration pathway. The central role of microglia in neuroinflammation has been studied as a target for potential neuroprotective drugs for PD, for example nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) inhibitors that regulates microglial activation and migration. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective response of the iminosugar 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) and compare its effect with a combined treatment with ibuprofen.

Breathing pattern in a phase I clinical trial of intraspinal injection of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

The safety of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (ABMNC) intraspinal infusion in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients was evaluated considering breathing and sleep patterns. Patients between 20 and 65 years old were eligible if they had definite ALS, spinal onset, a disease duration between 6 and 36 months, FVC>50%, and a below 90% oxygen saturation (T90) <2% of sleep time. The transplant was performed 6 months after enrollment.

Retinal aging in the diurnal Chilean rodent (Octodon degus): histological, ultrastructural and neurochemical alterations of the vertical information processing pathway.

The retina is sensitive to age-dependent degeneration. To find suitable animal models to understand and map this process has particular importance. The degu (Octodon degus) is a diurnal rodent with dichromatic color vision.

Comparison of the Effects of Propofol and Sevoflurane Combined With Remifentanil on Transcranial Electric Motor-evoked and Somatosensory-evoked Potential Monitoring During Brainstem Surgery.

Background: We compared the effect of propofol and sevoflurane combined with remifentanil under comparable bispectral index (BIS) levels on transcranial electric motor-evoked potentials (TceMEPs) and somatosensory-evoked potentials (SSEPs) during brainstem surgery.

Materials And Methods: A total of 40 consecutive patients (20 per group) undergoing brainstem surgery were randomly assigned to 2 groups receiving either 0.5 MAC sevoflurane or propofol at an effect-site concentration of 2.

Neurotrophic bone marrow cellular nests prevent spinal motoneuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients: a pilot safety study.

The objective of this article is to assess the safety of intraspinal infusion of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNCs) and, ultimately, to look for histopathological signs of cellular neurotrophism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. We conducted an open single arm phase I trial. After 6 months observation, autologous BMNCs were infused into the posterior spinal cord funiculus.

[Bone marrow stem cell transplantation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: technical aspects and preliminary results from a clinical trial].

Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) experience progressive and irreversible paralysis as a result of the continued loss of motor neurons, which leads to death in less than five years. To date, there is no treatment that can change the progression of this disease. Bone marrow stem cells have shown neural regenerative and neural repairing properties.

Cervical spinal cord infarction after posterior fossa surgery: a case-based update.

Background: Several positions are currently utilized for operating patients with posterior fossa lesions. Each individual position has its own risks and benefits, and none has demonstrated its superiority. A dreaded, and probably underreported, complication of these procedures is cervical cord infarction with quadriplegia.

Partial conduction blocks in N-hexane neuropathy.

Nerve conduction blocks, defined by a significant reduction in amplitude or area of the compound muscle action potential at proximal compared with distal sites of stimulation, have been described in glue-sniffers and in workers with industrial exposure at an early stage of n-hexane neuropathy. The frequency with which this focal conduction anomaly appears is described and discussed in the case of a very homogeneous group of 10 young workers diagnosed with n-hexane polyneuropathy. Partial conduction blocks occurred in only two workers and may have been related to the intensity and duration of toxic exposure.

[Acute respiratory insufficiency as onset form of Lambert-Eaton's syndrome associated with pulmonary small cell carcinoma].

The Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome is a rare disorder of neuromuscular transmission, usually presenting as a paraneoplastic process associated with a small cell lung cancer. Recently, respiratory muscular impairment has been described in these patients. Acute respiratory failure as a presenting symptom has been reported in few cases.

A comparison of electrophysiological tests for the early diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy.

Clinical criteria and several electrophysiological parameters for detecting nerve damage were compared in 99 patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2. Abnormal results were found in sural/radial amplitude ratio (51%), minimal F-wave latency of the tibial nerve (36.4%), sensory conduction velocity of the sural nerve (29.

[Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy and glycine encephalopathy].

Introduction: Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE) with suppression burst activity in EEG (Ohtahara syndrome) is a rare type of epileptic encephalopathy in infancy and represents the earliest type of age-related symptomatic generalized epilepsy. The main etiologic factors associated to EIEE are cerebral dysgenesia and metabolopathies, principally nonketotic hyperglycinemia.

Clinical Case: We report a neonate with EIEE secondary to glycine encephalopathy, diagnosed by increased of LCR/plasma glycine index.

[Variations in cerebral blood flow in various states of severe neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy].

The clinical applications of Doppler sonography are numerous in pediatric practice. Of the all the measurements of arterial signals available, the one that has been most useful used and has proved to be of practical benefit is the Pourcelot resistance index (PI). The change in PI is more sensitive than the real-time image for documentation of the cerebral insult in full-term asphyxia.

Retrograde migration of the abdominal catheter as a complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunts: the fishhook sign.

Three cases of retrograde migration of the distal catheter of ventriculoperitoneal shunts into the subcutaneous fibrous tract of the thoracic wall are reported. To the authors' knowledge this is the first time that this complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunts has been described.