Development of red genetically encoded biosensor for visualization of intracellular glucose dynamics.

Glucose is the main source of energy for organisms, and it is important to understand the spatiotemporal dynamics of intracellular glucose. Single fluorescent protein-based glucose indicators, named "Red Glifons" have been developed that apply to live-cell and dual-color imaging. These indicators exhibited more than 3-fold increase in fluorescence intensity in the presence of 10 mM glucose.

Green Fluorescent Protein-Based Glucose Indicators Report Glucose Dynamics in Living Cells.

Glucose is the most important energy source for living animals. Here, we developed a series of single fluorescent protein (FP)-based glucose indicators, named as "Green Glifons", to understand the hierarchal and mutual relationships between molecules involved in energy metabolism. Three indicators showed a different EC for glucose (50, 600, and 4000 μM), producing a ∼7-fold change in fluorescence intensity in response to glucose.