Diagnostic psychiatric and somatic comorbidity in patients with depression in the Western Balkan countries.

Introduction: This paper aims to examine the frequency and significance of diagnostic comorbidity of psychiatric disorders and somatic diseases in a sample of patients with depression as well as present current psychopharmacological treatment of the patients in the sample.

Methods: The subjects in this study sample were 489 patients from the four Western Balkan countries with current primary diagnosis of major depression according to ICD 10. Comorbid psychiatric disorders and non-psychiatric illnesses were noted according to ICD 10 criteria during the diagnostic interview and analysed later.

Bosnian Paternal War Orphans: Mental Health in Postwar Time.

More research on the medium- and long-term effects of childhood exposure to war, including orphanhood, is needed. We compared 50 orphans 1 who lost their father during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992-1995) and 50 age- and sex-matched adolescents from two-parent families during 2011-2012 in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, behavioral/emotional problems, depression, resilience, maternal mental health, and perceived social support. The two groups differed on sociodemographic factors, that is, number of children, family composition, income, school grades, and refugeehood.

Psychiatric Morbidity Among Older Hospitalized Patients.

Background: Globally, life expectancy is increasing, leading to an equal proportion of elderly and young individuals, which carries extensive implications. In Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), the average age at death in 2021 was 77 years, positioning BiH in the middle of the global list of average life expectancy. Current studiesinvestigate whether the prevalence of psychiatric disorders increases or decreases with age, but results are inconsistent regarding the role of age.

Ibn Sina (Avicenna) as a Psychiatrist: A View from Today's Perspective.

Ibn Sina (Avicenna) is primarily known for his philosophy and medicine, but there is almost no scientific discipline in which this great man didn't leave a significant mark. This paper gives a brief review of his contributions to medicine, especially to psychiatry. Medical works of Ibn Sina represent a pinnacle of most important medical achievements of his time.

Principles of Hippocratic Medicine from the Perspective of Modern Medicine.

In this paper authors described some of the principles and theses of Hippocratic medicine. They emphasized that regardless existing controversial opinions as to whether Hippocrates stated some theses or not, and controversial views on some of his principles, he is often called the "father" of medicine, who laid the foundations in medicine as a science. Hippocrates gave recommendations on the doctor's behavior towards the patient, which is relevant up today.

Do Cannabis and Cannabinoids Have a Psychopharmacotherapeutic Effect?

Backgrounds: Written historical evidence reveals that Cannabis sativa has been used medically, recreationally and spiritually for more than five centuries in many cultures. It is considered the most-used plant-based psychoactive substance with millions of different usages across the world. To review what the studies, conducted over the past two decades, indicate about effects of the cannabis on physical and mental health as well as the impact on social functioning.

Possible Consequences of Cannabis Legalization - What Do Research Show?

Background: Indian hemp (lat. Cannabis sativa subs. Indica) has been used as a source of industrial fiber, seed oil, food, medicine for some somatic diseases, and it is also used as a psychoactive substance.

Creative Person-Centered Psychopharmacotherapy in the Context of Prenatal Psychiatry - Dilemmas and Challenges.

The authors presented a psychopharmacotherapeutic approach to the treatment of women in the prenatal period that requires a personalized, person-centered treatment plan. Treatment should include care for the mental health of women of childbearing age, pregnancy planning, during the prenatal period, and then during the postpartum period. The authors highlighted creative psychopharmacotherapy which is the foundation of holistic and integrative treatment of mental disorders.

Creative Psychopharmacotherapy in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Experiences from Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Introduction: Paediatric psychopharmacology involves the application of psychotropic agents to the treatment of children and adolescents with mental disorders and gathered knowledge from child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP), neurology, paediatrics and pharmacology. Defining elements of this discipline are: the metabolism of drugs is different in children than in adults (pharmacokinetics), the developing brain reacts specifically to the drug (pharmaco dynamics), and psychopathology itself is not differentiated yet. To make and overview of specifics in psychopharmacological use in CAP and emphasize some experiences from Bosnia and Herzegovina in that field.

Gambling Disorder as an Addictive Disorder and Creative Psychopharmacotherapy.

Addiction does not mean "addiction to substances" only. At the core of the definition of substance dependence is the loss of control. Gambling addiction belongs to non-substance / non-chemical addictions or behavioral/behavioral addictions.

Acceptance of Diagnosis in Psychiatry and Influence on Treatment in the Light of Creative Psychopharmacotherapy.

In this paper, we focused on the complexity of diagnosis in psychiatry and problems during its communication, and its acceptance / non-acceptance, both by the patient and family members of the patient, which has a significant impact on the success of treatment. It is not uncommon for somatic diseases to be related to mental illness, which due to damage to certain organs requires adequate psychiatric therapy. The treatment process is a joint agreement between the patient, his / her family members and the psychiatrist regarding the explanation of the illness, how to take the medication and the agreement with the patient about the psychotherapy that would suit him / her best.

Emotional Contamination in the Context of Creative Psychopharmacotherapy.

It is well known that emotions have always attracted the special attention of both laymen and scientists because life without emotions is unthinkable. Emotions prepare us for all life circumstances regardless of their qualities and intensities. Reviewing the available literature, the authors described the phenomenon of emotional contamination and its importance in interpersonal relationships with a focus on "infecting" other people's emotions.

The Significance of Understanding Body Language in Depressed Patients within the Context of Creative Psychopharmacotherapy.

Since it is generally known that the human body is the best image of the human soul, this paper aims to explain how important body language is when diagnosing psychiatric diagnosis "depression". It is important to point out the importance of other alternative approaches in the treatment of depression when standard psychopharmacotherapy is not enough. Body language is a powerful form of non-verbal communication that provides important traces of intentions, emotions, and motivations in other people.

Mentalization and Change of Perception in the Context of Creative Psychopharmacotherapy Focused on People.

The concept of mentalization is relatively new in modern psychiatry, whose utilization is expanding daily in working with clients suffering from mental illness. Mentalization enables the incorporation of several different theoretical models and therapeutic techniques into a single whole, which encourages a holistic and integrative approach to treating patients. This theoretical model looks at different spheres of mental states, both the client seeking medical help and the doctor himself in the therapeutic process.

Meaning and the Sense of Meaning in Life from a Health Perspective.

A personalized and holistic approach to therapy is increasingly demanding answers to questions related to the meaning of life. Over the years, research has shown a direct link between the presence of meaning in life, health and recovery. It becomes impossible to ignore this connection as well as the issues of spirituality and religiosity that are immersed in the meaning of life.

A Treatise of the Islamic Philosopher Ibn Sina (Avicenna) on the Fear of Death and the Treatment of Anxiety Caused by It.

Although the issue of death and fear of it is one of the oldest issues that man has dealt with, modern secular psychiatry today, as before, does not pay enough attention to the phenomenon of fear of death. The famous Islamic philosopher and physician Ibn Sina, better known in the West as Avicenna (980-1037), wrote A Treatise on the Cure for the Fear of Death and the Treatment of Anxiety Caused by It, more than nine centuries ago. Bosnian Islamic scholar Mehmed Handžić translated this treatise from Arabic into Bosnian 80 years ago.

Islamic Approach to the Treatment of the Fear of Death.

Although the question of death and the fear of it is one of the oldest questions man has dealt with, we have no discussions from ancient times about fear in an existential sense. The thematic approach to this phenomenon in Western philosophy and theology occurs in Hellenism and in the Christian religion, but it gains its full meaning only in the philosophies of existence. The famous Islamic philosopher and physician Ibn Sina, better known in the West as Avicenna (980-1037), wrote A Treatise on the Cure for the Fear of Death and the Treatment of Anxiety Caused by It more than nine centuries ago.

Islamic Approach to the Psychotrauma: Animation, Growth and Transformation.

The paper gives an approximate significance of religion in the mental health of believers. Islamic views of the soul are presented, as a basic principle of human life. The correct, beneficial effects in the attitudes and behavior of individuals towards their souls are also shown.

Gambling from Seven Perspectives.

In recent decades, it has been recognized that certain behaviors resemble addictions to alcohol and other psychoactive substances (PAS). Based on the results of research for such behaviors, many authors have found that it is justified to consider them addictions not related to PAS or "behavioral" addictions and that in the classifications of mental disorders should be in the same group with addictions related to PAS. Compulsive activities that may include gambling, Internet use, playing video games, sex, eating, and shopping based on epidemiological and neurobiological characteristics have similarities to PAS addictions.

Comorbidities in Alcohol Use Disorders in Tuzla Canton Area - Bosnia And Herzegovina.

Introduction: Previous research has shown the simultaneous presence of health diseases and alcohol use disorder (AUD). This research emphasizes the importance of individual diseases, the simultaneous presence and connection of different diseases, which creates the conditions for more adequate treatment of patients with AUD. Determine somatic, neurological and psychiatric diseases in patients with AUD in the Tuzla Canton (TK) in the period from 01.

Mental health services during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe: Results from the EPA Ambassadors Survey and implications for clinical practice.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused an unprecedented worldwide crisis affecting several sectors, including health, social care, economy and society at large. The World Health Organisation has emphasized that mental health care should be considered as one of the core sectors within the overall COVID-19 health response. By March 2020, recommendations for the organization of mental health services across Europe have been developed by several national and international mental health professional associations.

MEDICINE AND PSYCHOLOGY OF IBN SINA (AVICENNA) - A UNIQUE SCIENTIFIC AND RELIGIOUS APPROACH.

Ibn Sina (Avicenna) is primarily known for his philosophy and medicine, but there is almost no scientific discipline in which this great man didn't leave a significant mark. This paper gives a brief overview of his contribution to medicine and psychology through which his unique scientific and religious approach to the study of the phenomena of human being can be best seen. Medical works of Ibn Sina represent a pinnacle of most important medical achievements of his time.