Supraspinal anesthesia: behavioral and electroencephalographic effects of intracerebroventricularly infused pentobarbital, propofol, fentanyl, and midazolam.

Background: Anesthetic endpoints of unconsciousness and immobility result from agent effects on both brain and spinal cord that are difficult to separate during systemic administration. To investigate cerebral mechanism of anesthetic-induced unconsciousness, the authors studied behavioral and electrophysiologic effects of four anesthetics infused intracerebroventricularly to conscious rats. The authors aimed to produce progressively increasing anesthetic depths, indicated by electro-encephalographic synchronization and behavioral change.

Carpal tunnel release by limited palmar incision vs traditional open technique: randomized controlled trial.

Aim: To compare a limited palmar incision for carpal tunnel release (CTR) with a traditional open technique, which is still considered the gold standard.

Methods: Seventy-two patients with a carpal tunnel syndrome were individually randomized into the trial (limited incision CTR) (n=36) and control group (traditional technique CTR) (n=36). In the trial group, skin incision parallel to the thenar crease was made up to 2.