Role of M1 receptor in regulation of gastric fundus smooth muscle contraction.

Background: The subject of this study is determination of the influence of drugs on gastric fundus smooth muscle contraction induced by activation of muscarinic receptors M1. Experiments tested interactions between a receptor agonist, carbachol and muscarinic receptor antagonists, atropine and pirenzepine.

Material/methods: Testing was conducted on tissues isolated from rat's stomach.

Role of calcium and calmodulin in reaction of gastric fundus contraction.

Background: The subject of this study is determination of the influence of calmodulin and calcium on gastric fundus smooth muscle contraction. During experiments, the author tested the influence of a serotonin receptor agonist, serotonin (5-HT), causing smooth muscle contraction.

Material/methods: Testing was conducted on tissues isolated from rat's stomach.

Activity of guanylyl cyclase activators on the reaction of tracheal smooth muscle contraction.

Introduction: The subject of the study compare the influences of YC-1 guanylyl cyclase activator with ODQ guanylyl cyclase inhibitor on the tracheal smooth muscle contraction induced by carbachol. The study specified the influence of increasing concentrations of soluble guanylyl cyclase activators YC-1 and 8Br cGMP on the reaction of tracheal smooth muscle contraction released by carbachol. The author also examined the effect of increasing concentrations of soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ on the concentration-effect curves for carbachol.

Modulating activity of M1 receptor to the reaction of ileal smooth muscle.

Background: The subject of the study was determination of the effect of drugs on ileal smooth muscle contraction induced by activation of M(1) type muscarinic receptors. Drugs that have an effect on muscarinic receptors are divided to agonists, with close ties to the receptor and high internal activity and antagonists, with no internal activity. Conducted experiments tested interactions between a broad-spectrum agonist of muscarinic receptors, carbachol and a selective muscarinic receptor antagonist of M(1) type, pirenzepine.

The role of calcium in modulating the reactivity of the smooth muscle cells during ischemia/reperfusion. Part 2.

Background: Damage of transplanted organs during reperfusion is still a problem that prompts the search for new drugs able to diminish the risk of graft rejection. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of antioxidant system on the contraction of arteries induced by angiotensin II during ischemia/reperfusion and to determine the role of intracellular and extracellular calcium ions under these conditions.

Material/methods: The experiments were performed on male Wistar rats' tail arteries.

The role of calcium in modulating the reactivity of the smooth muscle cells during ischemia/reperfusion. Part 1.

Background: Calcium ions regulate the function of cells in many ways, acting as first messengers of intercellular information and second messengers of intracellular information. Changes in cytoplasmic calcium levels depend on calcium influx from the extracellular space or calcium release from cellular stores. Increase in calcium ion concentration takes place in pathological situations, such as ischemia.