Antibacterial and antifungal properties of crude extracts and isolated compounds from .

Antimicrobial activity of dichloromethane and ethanol extracts and five compounds: pinostrobin (I), pinocembrin (II), tectochrysin (III), galangin 3-methyl ether (IV) and tiliroside (V) isolated from aerial parts against fifteen microorganisms was determined. The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopic data. Both extracts showed antimicrobial activity against several tested microorganisms.

Corrosion in Haas expanders with and without use of an antimicrobial agent: an in situ study.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate in situ the occurrence of corrosion in the soldering point areas between the wire, silver brazing and band in Haas expanders.

Material And Methods: Thirty-four 7-12-year-old patients who needed maxillary expansion with a Haas expander were randomly assigned to two groups of 17 individuals each, according to the oral hygiene protocol adopted during the orthodontic treatment: Group I (control), toothbrushing with a fluoride dentifrice and Group II (experimental), toothbrushing with the same dentifrice plus 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (Periogard®) mouthrinses twice a week.

Evaluation of home disinfection protocols for acrylic baseplates of removable orthodontic appliances: A randomized clinical investigation.

Introduction: In this randomized clinical trial, we investigated, using the microbial culture technique and scanning electron microscopy, the contamination of acrylic baseplates of removable orthodontic appliances by mutans streptococci (MS) and evaluated the efficacy of different home disinfection protocols with a 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate spray (Periogard, Colgate-Palmolive, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil).

Methods: Fifteen dental students were randomly enrolled in a 3-stage changeover system with a 1-week interval between each stage.

Prevalence of mutans streptococci isolated from complete dentures and their susceptibility to mouthrinses.

The aims of this study were to evaluate the incidence of mutans streptococci (MS - sessile form) on complete maxillary dentures after use of a specific denture paste, and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and maximum inhibitory dilution (MID) of 3 oral mouthrinses: Cepacol, Plax and Periogard. Seventy-seven complete denture wearers were randomly assigned into 2 groups, according to the product used for denture cleaning: Control group - conventional dentifrice (Kolynos-Super White); and Test group: experimental denture cleaning paste. Denture biofilm was collected at baseline and after 90 and 180 days after treatment by brushing the dentures with saline solution.

Microbial culture and checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization assessment of bacteria in root canals of primary teeth pre- and post-endodontic therapy with a calcium hydroxide/chlorhexidine paste.

Aim: To investigate the root canal microbiota of primary teeth with apical periodontitis and the in vivo antimicrobial effects of a calcium hydroxide/chlorhexidine paste used as root canal dressing.

Design: Baseline samples were collected from 30 root canals of primary teeth with apical periodontitis. Then, the root canals were filled with a calcium hydroxide paste containing 1% chlorhexidine for 14 days and the second bacteriologic samples were taken prior to root canal filling.

Efficacy of microwaves and chlorhexidine on the disinfection of pacifiers and toothbrushes: an in vitro study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the contamination of toothbrushes and pacifiers by Streptococcus mutans, and the efficacy of microwave and chlorhexidine for their disinfection.

Methods: Sixty pacifiers and 60 toothbrushes were contaminated with S mutans and then divided into groups according to the disinfection protocol: Group 1-chlorhexidine solution; Group 2-microwave sterilization; and Group 3-sterile tap water. The devices were evaluated microbiologically as to the formation of S mutans colonies/biofilms and were examined by scanning electron microscopy.

Antimicrobial efficacy of chemical disinfectants on contaminated full metal crowns.

Prosthetic restorations that have been tried in the patient's mouth are potential sources of infection. In order to avoid cross-infection, protocols for infection control should be established in dental office and laboratory. This study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of disinfectants on full metal crowns contaminated with microorganisms.

Influence of Er:YAG laser frequency on dentin caries removal capacity.

The purposes of this study were to evaluate in vitro the influence of different frequencies of Er:YAG laser on the human dentin caries removal capacity. Thirty fragments obtained from third molars were randomly assigned into three groups (n = 10) according to the laser frequency used: 4, 6, and 10 Hz. The caries lesion (±1 mm deep) was induced before the irradiation by S.

Apical negative pressure irrigation versus conventional irrigation plus triantibiotic intracanal dressing on root canal disinfection in dog teeth.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare in vivo the efficacy of 2 root canal disinfection techniques (apical negative pressure irrigation versus apical positive pressure irrigation plus triantibiotic intracanal dressing) in immature dog teeth with apical periodontitis.

Study Design: Two groups of root canals with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis were evaluated according to the disinfection technique: group 1: apical negative pressure irrigation (EndoVac system); and group 2: apical positive pressure irrigation (conventional irrigation) plus triantibiotic intracanal dressing. The first sample (S1) was collected after lesions were radiographically visible, and the second sample (S2) was collected after apical negative pressure irrigation (group 1) or conventional irrigation/triantibiotic dressing (group 2).

Morphological differentiation between S. mutans and S. sobrinus on modified SB-20 culture medium.

Due to the major role of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus in the etiology of dental caries, it is important to use culture media that allow for differentiating these bacterial species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of a modified SB-20 culture medium (SB-20M) for the isolation and morphological differentiation of S. mutans and S.

Antibacterial activity of root canal filling materials for primary teeth: zinc oxide and eugenol cement, Calen paste thickened with zinc oxide, Sealapex and EndoREZ.

This study evaluated in vitro the antibacterial activity of 4 root canal filling materials for primary teeth - zinc oxide and eugenol cement (ZOE), Calen paste thickened with zinc oxide (Calen/ZO), Sealapex sealer and EndoREZ sealer - against 5 bacterial strains commonly found in endodontic infections (Kocuria rhizophila, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) using the agar diffusion test (agar-well technique). Calen paste, 1% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) and distilled water served as controls. Seven wells per dish were made at equidistant points and immediately filled with the test and control materials.

Toothbrush contamination by Candida spp. and efficacy of mouthrinse spray for their disinfection.

The aim of the study was to evaluate toothbrush contamination in vivo by Candida spp. and the efficacy of Periogard and Neem Sattiva, in spray, in the disinfection of these toothbrushes. This study was performed in three phases in which mouthrinses and sterile distilled water (control group) were sprayed six times on toothbrush bristles used by 61 university students.

Bioactive chemical constituents and comparative antimicrobial activity of callus culture and adult plant extracts from Alternanthera tenella.

Crude extracts of a callus culture (two culture media) and adult plants (two collections) from Alternanthera tenella Colla (Amaranthaceae) were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activity, in order to investigate the maintenance of antimicrobial activity of the extracts obtained from plants in vivo and in vitro. The antibacterial and antifungal activity was determined against thirty strains of microorganisms including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts and dermatophytes. Ethanolic and hexanic extracts of adult plants collected during the same period of the years 1997 and 2002 [Ribeirão Preto (SP), collections 1 and 2] and obtained from plant cell callus culture in two different hormonal media (AtT43 and AtT11) inhibited the growth of bacteria, yeasts and dermatophytes with inhibition halos between 6 and 20 mm.

Effect of three methods for cleaning dentures on biofilms formed in vitro on acrylic resin.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three denture hygiene methods against different microbial biofilms formed on acrylic resin specimens.

Materials And Methods: The set (sterile stainless steel basket and specimens) was contaminated (37 degrees C for 48 hours) by a microbial inoculum with 10(6) colony-forming units (CFU)/ml (standard strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis; field strains: S. mutans, C.

Use of the DNA Checkerboard hybridization method for detection and quantitation of Candida species in oral microbiota.

The DNA Checkerboard method enables the simultaneous identification of distinct microorganisms in a large number of samples and employs up to 45 whole genomic DNA probes to gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial species present in subgingival biofilms. Collectively, they account for 55%-60% of the bacteria in subgingival biofilms. In this study, we present the DNA Checkerboard hybridization as an alternative method for the detection and quantitation of Candida species in oral cavities.

Bacterial culture and DNA Checkerboard for the detection of internal contamination in dental implants.

Purpose: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the bacterial leakage along the implant-abutment interface by the conventional bacterial culture and DNA Checkerboard hybridization method.

Materials And Methods: Twenty Branemark-compatible implants with a 3.75-mm diameter and external hexagonal platform were randomly placed in two groups of ten implant-abutment assemblies each.

Use of checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization to evaluate the internal contamination of dental implants and comparison of bacterial leakage with cast or pre-machined abutments.

Aims: To evaluate the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method for detection and quantitation of bacteria from the internal parts of dental implants and to compare bacterial leakage from implants connected either to cast or to pre-machined abutments.

Materials And Methods: Nine plastic abutments cast in a Ni-Cr alloy and nine pre-machined Co-Cr alloy abutments with plastic sleeves cast in Ni-Cr were connected to Branemark-compatible implants. A group of nine implants was used as control.

Antimicrobial activity of endodontic sealers based on calcium hydroxide and MTA.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a new root canal sealer containing calcium hydroxide (Acroseal) and the root canal sealer based on MTA (Endo CPM Sealer), in comparison with traditional sealers (Sealapex, Sealer 26 and Intrafill) and white MTA-Angelus, against five different microorganism strains. The materials and their components were evaluated after manipulation, employing the agar diffusion method. A base layer was made using Müller-Hinton agar (MH) and wells were made by removing agar.

Maximum inhibitory dilution of mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine and polyhexamethylene biguanide against salivary Staphylococcus aureus.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the in vitro maximum inhibitory dilution (MID) of two chlorhexidinebased oral mouthwashes (CHX): Noplak, Periogard, and one polyhexamethylene biguanide-based mouthwash (PHMB): Sanifill Premium against 28 field Staphylococcus aureus strains using the agar dilution method.

Materials And Methods: For each product, decimal dilutions ranging from 1/10 to 1/655,360 were prepared in distilled water and added to Mueller Hinton Agar culture medium. After homogenization, the culture medium was poured onto Petri dishes.

Antibacterial activity of four mouthrinses containing triclosan against salivary Staphylococcus aureus.

The maximum inhibitory dilution (MID) of triclosan-based mouthwashes against 28 Staphylococcus aureus strains was evaluated. Dilutions ranging from 1/10 to 1/655,360 were prepared. Strains were inoculated using a Steers multipoint inoculator.

Microbial distribution in the root canal system after periapical lesion induction using different methods.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbial distribution in the root canal system after periapical lesion induction in dogs' teeth using different methods. Fifty-two root canals were assigned to 4 groups (n=13). Groups I and II: root canals were exposed to the oral cavity for 180 days; groups III and IV: root canals were exposed for 7 days and then the coronal openings were sealed for 53 days.

Viability of Streptococcus mutans toothbrush bristles.

Purpose: Employing microbial culture, the purpose of this study was to assess in vitro the viability of Streptococcus mutans on toothbrush bristles relative to the drying time.

Methods: Forty-five toothbrushes were soaked in a suspension containing S. mutans (ATCC 25175) in a 1,720.

Assessment of the microbiota in root canals of human primary teeth by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vivo the prevalence of microorganisms in root canals of human primary teeth, by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization.

Methods: Fifty-five root canals of primary teeth with irreversible pulpitis (group 1) and 51 root canals of teeth with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis (group 2) were selected. Microbiological samples were collected and submitted to checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization using 34 genomic DNA probes.

Streptococcus mutans counts in plaque adjacent to orthodontic brackets bonded with resin-modified glass ionomer cement or resin-based composite.

This study investigated the number of Streptococcus mutans CFU (colony forming units) in the saliva and plaque adjacent to orthodontic brackets bonded with a glass ionomer cement--GIC (Fuji Ortho) or a resin-based composite--RC (Concise). Twenty male and female patients, aged 12 to 20 years, participated in the study. Saliva was collected before and after placement of appliances.

In-vivo evaluation of the contamination of Super Slick elastomeric rings by Streptococcus mutans in orthodontic patients.

Introduction: We investigated in vivo the contamination by Streptococcus mutans of Super Slick elastomeric rings (TP Orthodontics, LaPorte, Ind), manufactured with Metafasix technology (TP Orthodontics), using microbial culture and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Methods: Twenty patients undergoing fixed orthodontic appliance therapy were selected. Super Slick elastomeric rings (n = 160) were tied to brackets on the right maxillary premolars or molars and left mandibular premolars or molars.