Burkitt lymphoma masquerading as Tolosa-Hunt syndrome in an HIV-seropositive patient.

Purpose: To describe a rare case of Burkitt lymphoma metastatic to the cavernous sinus that was initially diagnosed as Tolosa-Hunt syndrome.

Case Description: A 31-year-old confirmed and treatment-compliant HIV-positive Hispanic male acutely developed diplopia, ptosis, numbness in the V1 distribution, and complete external ophthalmoplegia in the right eye over 1 week. Imaging showed a mass-like lesion within the right cavernous sinus without other intracranial abnormalities.

Giant cell arteritis: early diagnosis is key.

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an inflammatory vasculitis typically affecting elderly that can potentially cause vision loss. Studies have demonstrated that early recognition and initiation of treatment can improve visual prognosis in patients with GCA. This review addresses the benefits of early diagnosis and treatment, and discusses the available treatment options to manage the disease.