Resveratrol, a SIRT1 activator, attenuates aging-associated alterations in skeletal muscle and heart in mice.

Aging is associated with impairment of multiple organs, including skeletal muscle and heart. In this study, we investigated whether resveratrol, an activator of an NAD-dependent protein deacetylase Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), attenuates age-related sarcopenia and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in mice. Treatment of mice with resveratrol (0.

Activation of SIRT1 promotes membrane resealing via cortactin.

Muscular dystrophies are inherited myopathic disorders characterized by progressive muscle weakness. Recently, several gene therapies have been developed; however, the treatment options are still limited. Resveratrol, an activator of SIRT1, ameliorates muscular function in muscular dystrophy patients and dystrophin-deficient mdx mice, although its mechanism is still not fully elucidated.

Downregulation of IGFBP5 contributes to replicative senescence via ERK2 activation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts.

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding proteins (IGFBPs) are secretory proteins that regulate IGF signaling. In this study, we investigated the role of IGFBP5 in replicative senescence in embryonic mouse fibroblasts (MEFs). During passages according to the 3T3 method, MEFs underwent senescence after the 5th passage (P5) based on cell growth arrest, an increase in the number of cells positive for senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-GAL) staining, and upregulation of p16 and p19.

Different Antioxidative and Antiapoptotic Effects of Piceatannol and Resveratrol.

Resveratrol affords protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related diseases via activation of SIRT1, an NAD-dependent deacetylase. However, the low bioavailability of resveratrol limits its therapeutic applications. Since piceatannol is a hydroxyl analog of resveratrol with higher bioavailability, it could be an alternative to resveratrol.

Spatiotemporal metabolic dynamics of the photosensitizer talaporfin sodium in carcinoma and sarcoma.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using the photosensitizer talaporfin sodium (talaporfin) is a new mode of treatment for cancer. However, the metabolic mechanism of talaporfin has not been clarified. Thus, we investigated the uptake, transportation, and elimination mechanisms of talaporfin in carcinoma and sarcoma.

Development of an artificial antibody specific for HLA/peptide complex derived from cancer stem-like cell/cancer-initiating cell antigen DNAJB8.

Background: Peptide-vaccination therapy targeting tumour-associated antigens can elicit immune responses, but cannot be used to eliminate large tumour burden. In this study, we developed a therapeutic single-chain variable-fragment (scFv) antibody that recognises the cancer stem-like cell/cancer-initiating cell (CSC/CIC) antigen, DNAJB8.

Methods: We screened scFv clones reacting with HLA-A24:20/DNAJB8-derived peptide (DNAJB8_143) complex using naive scFv phage-display libraries.

The amount of secreted IgA may not determine the secretory IgA coating ratio of gastrointestinal bacteria.

It is reported that some, but not all, bacteria in human faeces are coated with secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA). We evaluated the proportion of S-IgA-coated bacteria to total intestinal bacteria (S-IgA coating ratio) in the gastrointestinal tract of two different strains of mice supplied by two different suppliers. The S-IgA coating ratio was significantly different in each gastrointestinal segment and between mouse suppliers.

Postnatal changes in the expression of genes for cryptdins 1-6 and the role of luminal bacteria in cryptdin gene expression in mouse small intestine.

Although there have been many fascinating studies on cryptdins, the information for each cryptdin isoform was not completely provided. In this study, the postnatal changes in the gene expression of cryptdin 1-6 were evaluated, and the patterns of change were compared between conventional and germ-free mice. Two patterns of postnatal change were observed: gene expression of cryptdins 1, 3 and 6 increased gradually, and that of cryptdins 2 and 5 increased rapidly.