Adherence to evidence based care practices for childbirth before and after a quality improvement intervention in health facilities of Rajasthan, India.

Background: After the launch of Janani Suraksha Yojana, a conditional cash transfer scheme in India, the proportion of women giving birth in institutions has rapidly increased. However, there are important gaps in quality of childbirth services during institutional deliveries. The aim of this intervention was to improve the quality of childbirth services in selected high caseload public health facilities of 10 districts of Rajasthan.

Physical intimate partner violence in northern India.

In this article, we examine perceptions about the definition of physical intimate partner violence (IPV) in northern India utilizing feminist perspectives as a framework. We interviewed 56 women and 52 men affiliated with a health services nongovernmental organization in the Udaipur district of Rajasthan. We transcribed, coded, and analyzed the interviews utilizing grounded theory.

Modified Eaton-Littler's Reconstruction for Traumatic Dislocation of the Carpometacarpal Joint of the Thumb-A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Isolated traumatic dislocation of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is an uncommon injury. Left untreated, resulting mechanical instability of this joint interferes with normal function of the hand and can lead to articular degeneration of the joint. Most are amenable to closed reduction with or without supplementary pinning.

Tuberculous mediastinal lymphadenopathy in an adult.

We describe a patient who presented to us with fever, decreased appetite, weight loss and dry cough for 1 month with no abnormalities on examination. A chest radiograph showed a mediastinal shadow. CT of the chest revealed multiple mediastinal lymph nodes.

Chromosome 7 aneuploidy in clear cell and papillary renal cell carcinoma: detection using silver in situ hybridization technique.

Background: Chromosome 7 aberrations in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have been reported in papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, the implication of these anomalies on prognosis and survival is still unclear. RCC Chromosome 7 aberrations have commonly been detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization and chromogenic in situ hybridization but not silver in situ hybridization (SISH).

Mycobacterium chelonae hand infection following ferret bite.

We present a case of hand infection caused by Mycobacterium chelonae. The patient was a 58-year-old woman with Type II diabetes mellitus and stage 4 chronic kidney disease. The infection occurred following a ferret bite and had not responded to oral antibiotics in the primary care setting.

Consequences of maternal complications in women's lives in the first postpartum year: a prospective cohort study.

Maternal complications are common during and following childbirth. However, little information is available on the psychological, social and economic consequences of maternal complications on women's lives, especially in a rural setting. A prospective cohort study was conducted in southern Rajasthan, India, among rural women who had a severe or less-severe, or no complication at the time of delivery or in the immediate postpartum period.

Early postpartum maternal morbidity among rural women of Rajasthan, India: a community-based study.

The first postpartum week is a high-risk period for mothers and newborns. Very few community-based studies have been conducted on patterns of maternal morbidity in resource-poor countries in that first week. An intervention on postpartum care for women within the first week after delivery was initiated in a rural area of Rajasthan, India.

Bilateral recurrent wrist flexor tenosynovitis and rice body formation in a patient with sero-negative rheumatoid arthritis: A case report and review of literature.

Introduction: Rice body formation has been traditionally observed in the joint and tendon sheaths of patients with tuberculosis. Few case reports exist that describe rice body formation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. We describe a case report of bilateral recurrent wrist flexor tenosynovitis with rice body formation in a patient with sero-negative rheumatoid arthritis.

Irreducible shoulder dislocation - a word of caution.

Anterior dislocation of shoulder is usually amenable to closed manipulation. Failure to achieve satisfactory reduction can be due to soft tissue or osseous interposition. We report a case of irreducible anterior shoulder dislocation with the interposition of the musculocutaneous nerve.

Prevalence and awareness regarding diabetes mellitus in rural Tamaka, Kolar.

Background: The worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus has risen dramatically in the developing countries over the past two decades. Regular screening of adults is essential for early detection and care. There are limited studies on diabetes awareness and prevalence in rural communities.

Accurate implementation of leaping in space: the spatial partitioned-leaping algorithm.

There is a great need for accurate and efficient computational approaches that can account for both the discrete and stochastic nature of chemical interactions as well as spatial inhomogeneities and diffusion. This is particularly true in biology and nanoscale materials science, where the common assumptions of deterministic dynamics and well-mixed reaction volumes often break down. In this article, we present a spatial version of the partitioned-leaping algorithm, a multiscale accelerated-stochastic simulation approach built upon the tau-leaping framework of Gillespie.

Emergency obstetric care and referral: experience of two midwife-led health centres in rural Rajasthan, India.

This paper documents the experience of two health centres in a primary health service located in interior rural areas of southern Rajasthan, northern India, where trained nurse-midwives are providing skilled maternal and newborn care round the clock daily. The nurse-midwives independently detect and manage complications and decide when to refer women to the nearest hospital for emergency care, in telephonic consultation with a doctor if required. From 2000-2008, 2,771 women in labour and 202 women with maternal emergencies who were not in labour were attended by nurse-midwives.

Comparison of domiciliary and institutional delivery-care practices in rural Rajasthan, India.

A retrospective cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess key practices and costs relating to home- and institutional delivery care in rural Rajasthan, India. One block from each of two sample districts was covered (estimated population--279,132). Field investigators listed women who had delivered in the past three months and contacted them for structured case interview.

Pregnancy-related deaths in rural Rajasthan, India: exploring causes, context, and care-seeking through verbal autopsy.

In 2002-2003, all deaths (n=156) of women aged 15-49 years in a block of southern Rajasthan were investigated to determine the cause of death and care-seeking behaviour. Family members of 156 (98%) of 160 deceased women were interviewed following the comprehensive listing of all deaths among women of reproductive age. Of the 156 deaths, 31 (20%) were pregnancy-related; 77% of these women died during the postpartum period, and 74% of the deaths occurred in the home.

Maternal health: a case study of Rajasthan.

This case study has used the results of a review of literature to understand the persistence of poor maternal health in Rajasthan, a large state of north India, and to make some conclusions on reasons for the same. The rate of reduction in Rajasthan's maternal mortality ratio (MMR) has been slow, and it has remained at 445 per 1000 livebirths in 2003. The government system provides the bulk of maternal health services.

Maternal health situation in India: a case study.

Since the beginning of the Safe Motherhood Initiative, India has accounted for at least a quarter of maternal deaths reported globally. India's goal is to lower maternal mortality to less than 100 per 100,000 livebirths but that is still far away despite its programmatic efforts and rapid economic progress over the past two decades. Geographical vastness and sociocultural diversity mean that maternal mortality varies across the states, and uniform implementation of health-sector reforms is not possible.

Fine needle aspiration biopsy, core needle biopsy or excision biopsy to diagnose breast cancer - which is the ideal method?

Background: The ideal method for diagnosis of breast cancer is debatable.

Methods: The methods of diagnosis of 436 new cases of breast adenocarcinoma presenting from Jan 2005 till Dec 2006 at the University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) were examined in this study.

Results: A total of 388 cases presented to the breast unit in UMMC primarily and 48 cases were diagnosed in non-breast units in other hospitals and referred for management.

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of inguinal lymph node--a case report.

Follicular dendritic cell sarcomas (FDCS) are rare neoplasms that involve lymph nodes or extranodal sites. They show varied histological features and thus can be mistaken for carcinoma or sarcoma. Correct identification is important for further management.