Group versus individual antenatal and first year postpartum care: Study protocol for a multi-country cluster randomized controlled trial in Kenya and Nigeria.

Antenatal care (ANC) in many low- and middle-income countries is under-utilized and of sub-optimal quality. Group ANC (G-ANC) is an intervention designed to improve the experience and provision of ANC for groups of women (cohorts) at similar stages of pregnancy. A two-arm, two-phase, cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT) (non-blinded) is being conducted in Kenya and Nigeria.

Management of the mass casualty from the 2001 Jos crisis.

Background: We report our experience in the hospital management of mass casualty following the Jos civil crisis of 2001.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis of the records of patients managed in the Jos civil crisis of September 2001, in Plateau State, Nigeria. Information extracted included demographic data of patients, mechanisms of injury, nature and site of injury, treatment modalities and outcome of care.

The conundrum of polytrauma on the jos plateau.

Background: The leading cause of morbidity and mortality from the end of the first year of life to the forty fifth is trauma. This is true worldwide but especially so in our environment. In no other situation are the complexities of the management of trauma more manifest than in the context of polytrauma.

A multi-micronutrient beverage enhances the vitamin A and zinc status of Nigerian primary schoolchildren.

Schoolchildren in Nigeria are rarely targeted by micronutrient interventions. We completed a 6-mo, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine the effects of a multi-micronutrient beverage on biochemical and anthropometric indicators of nutritional status among schoolchildren participating in a pilot school feeding program in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Children received 1 of 2 interventions 5 d/wk during school hours: 1) 250 mL/d of a multi-micronutrient beverage that included vitamin A, iron, and zinc (micronutrient); or 2) an isoenergetic control beverage (control).

Cytokine-associated neutrophil extracellular traps and antinuclear antibodies in Plasmodium falciparum infected children under six years of age.

Background: In Plasmodium falciparum-infected children, the relationships between blood cell histopathology, blood plasma components, development of immunocompetence and disease severity remain poorly understood. Blood from Nigerian children with uncomplicated malaria was analysed to gain insight into these relationships. This investigation presents evidence for circulating neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and antinuclear IgG antibodies (ANA).

Hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C and HIV antibodies in a low-risk blood donor group, Nigeria.

We investigated the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among 258 clergymen-in-training (age range 18-39 years) who represented a donor population that fulfilled the criteria for safe blood transfusion. In all, 15.1% of the men were positive for HBsAg, 4.

Anterior abdominal wall hydatid cyst; an unusual presentation.

Background: Hydatid disease is common in sheep rearing communities, often presenting with hepatic cysts in a majority of cases. Musculo-skeletal involvement as occurred in our patient is an unusual manifestation. Hydatid disease should be considered a differential of superficial and soft tissue swellings in our environment.

Male breast malignancy in Jos University Teaching Hospital.

Background: Male breast malignancies are rare. Cancer of the male breast accounts for about 1% of all breast cancers. Poor level of awareness often results in late presentation and delayed diagnosis in our environment.

Acute appendicitis in inguinal hernia: report of two cases.

We report two cases of acute appendicitis in right incarcerated inguinal hernia (Amyand's hernia). One patient had gangrenous appendicitis that affected the adjoining caecum. A limited right hemicolectomy was done by extending the groin incision laterally and proximally.

Mass casualty management: Jos University Teaching Hospital experience.

Three experiences of management of mass casualties in Jos University Teaching Hospital were analysed. Classification into minor, moderate and major mass casualties was done using multiple criteria of number of casualties, number of doctors required to contain the situation, number of nurses and paramedical staff, degree of distruption of hospital services and time required to handle the immediate stabilisation of the casualties. The classification recognises a category called "regional disaster" and attempts to enunciate a principle of initiation, mobilisation and co-ordination of management of such disasters among hospitals and human and material resources within the region.

Intraoperative colonic irrigation in the management of left sided large bowel emergencies in Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

Objectives: To evaluate the safety and benefits of antegrade intraoperative colonic irrigation (lavage) and primary anastomosis, after colonic resection, in the treatment of left sided large bowel emergencies.

Design: A prospective descriptive study.

Setting: Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria.

Safety of daycare hernia repair in Jos, Nigeria.

Objective: To evaluate the safety of day surgery for inguinal hernia.

Design: A randomised prospective study of patients presenting for elective inguinal hernia repair.

Setting: Jos University Teaching, Jos, Nigeria.

Acalculous cholecystitis in Nigerian children.

Sixteen children with acalculous cholecystitis (AC) were treated over a 9-year period (13 male and 3 female). Their ages ranged from 8 to 18 years (median 11). Eight (50%) presented with complications (perforation 4, gangrene 2, empyema 2); 13 (80%) presented with acute AC with a duration of symptoms of 2 weeks or less while 3 (20%) presented with chronic AC with symptoms present for more than 3 months.

Malignant colorectal tumours: a ten year review in Jos, Nigeria.

One hundred and forty-four cases of histologically confirmed colorectal cancer in patients managed at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) over a 10 year period from January, 1989 to January, 1999 is discussed with special consideration to incidence, distribution and unfavourable prognosis. Altogether, 144 patients were treated for colorectal carcinoma. Eighty-seven were males while fifty-seven were females, giving a male to female ratio of 1.

Open haemorrhoidectomy revisited.

The open method of haemorrhoidectomy has been criticized because of slow wound healing, severe pain and prolonged post operative care. This has led to a shift of interest to other methods of haemorrhoidectomy. These grounds of criticism need to be re-appraised for a rational conclusion and recommendation.

Patient acceptance of outpatient treatment for inguinal hernia in Jos, Nigeria.

Background: Patient acceptability constitutes an important component of outpatient treatment for hernias. It is essential that patients are properly selected so that only those who need admission are admitted and cared for with the limited available resources. It is also equally important that those who qualify for outpatient care are adequately informed that there is no added risk attributable to outpatient treatment and that they are free to accept or reject such treatment.

One-stage procedure in the management of acute sigmoid volvulus.

In a descriptive prospective study, twenty-seven patients with sigmoid volvulus and three with ileosigmoid knotting had primary resection of the redundant sigmoid colon with immediate anastomosis after intraoperative antegrade colonic irrigation. There was no clinical anastomotic leak nor mortality in any of our patients. Superficial wound infection occurred in four patients (13.

Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in an urban hospital in northern Nigeria: association of presenting features with endoscopic findings.

In 326 fibreoptic upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopies performed in Evangel Hospital (Jos, Nigeria), pathology was found in 210 patients, and of a major nature such as peptic ulcer disease or cancer in 129 of these. The three most useful features to predict the presence of major pathology were epigastric tenderness (the single most useful feature), loss of weight and epigastric pain of a burning nature. These features were selected by stepwise discriminant analysis, which also led to the conclusion that the presence of at least two of these three features is an even more powerful predictor of major pathology.