Clinical and Pathological Analysis of Perianal Paget's Disease: A Case Report and Review of 89 Cases.

Background/aim: Perianal Paget's disease (PPD) is an intraepithelial invasion of the perianal skin that is frequently associated with anorectal carcinoma. Rectal canal carcinoma with Pagetoid spread (PS) is a relatively rare disease, and few reports on its outcomes are available. The relatively rare nature of this disease makes the development of treatment recommendations difficult.

Predictive model using autism diagnostic observation schedule, second edition for differential diagnosis between schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder.

Background: Although schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are currently conceptualized as distinct disorders, the similarity in their symptoms often makes differential diagnosis difficult. This study aimed to identify similarities and differences in the symptoms of schizophrenia and ASD to establish a more useful and objective differential diagnostic method and to identify ASD traits in participants with schizophrenia.

Methods: A total of 40 participants with schizophrenia (13 females, mean age: 34 ± 11 years) and 50 participants with ASD (15 females, mean age: 34 ± 8 years) were evaluated using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2) and other clinical measures.

Study protocol for LOMCAD Trial: Effect of lomerizine hydrochloride to prevent recurrence of cerebral ischemic events in CADASIL patients.

Objectives: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is one of the most common monogenic cerebral small vessel diseases. Our previous observational study suggested that lomerizine hydrochloride, a calcium channel blocker approved in Japan in 1999 for the prevention of migraine headaches, is also effective for preventing recurrent ischemic stroke in CADASIL patients. The aim of this study (LOMCAD trial) is to verify the efficacy of lomerizine hydrochloride.

Gaze measurements during viewing human dialogue scenes in adults with ADHD: Preliminary findings.

Aim: Eye gaze measurement to human dialogue scenes in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was investigated. We examined whether eye gaze measurement might be a biological marker of ADHD.

Methods: Twenty-two individuals with ADHD (mean age, 34.

Evolutionary process toward avian-like cephalic thermoregulation system in Theropoda elucidated based on nasal structures.

It has long been discussed whether non-avian dinosaurs were physiologically closer to ectotherms or endotherms, with the internal nasal structure called the respiratory turbinate present in extant endotherms having been regarded as an important clue for this conundrum. However, the physiological function and relevance of this structure for dinosaur physiology are still controversial. Here, we found that the size of the nasal cavity relative to the head size of extant endotherms is larger than those of extant ectotherms, with that of the dromaeosaurid being below the extant endotherms level.

Cytological Characteristics of Endometrial Phasing Using the Specimens Prepared with the Liquid-Based Procedure: Comparison with the Conventional Procedure.

Objective: To evaluate whether or not the liquid-based procedure (LBP) for endometrial cytology is as worthwhile for endometrial phasing as conventional slides.

Materials And Methods: The subjects were 81 women who underwent endometrial cytology and were defined as negative. The specimens obtained by either Endocyte® or Masubuchi aspiration tube® were processed first with the conventional procedure and then with LBP using TACAS™.

Evaluation of a New Automated Processing System (TACAS™ Pro) for Liquid-Based Procedures.

Objective: To evaluate a fully automated processing system (TACAS™ Pro) for liquid-based procedures (LBPs).

Methods And Materials: Materials were 3,483 and additionally 502 specimens that were taken at Kanagawa Health Service Association. Specimens obtained with a Cervex-Brush® were first smeared to glass slides using one side of the brush and then processed to TACAS Pro.

DNA barcoding reveals 24 distinct lineages as cryptic bird species candidates in and around the Japanese Archipelago.

DNA barcoding using a partial region (648 bp) of the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene is a powerful tool for species identification and has revealed many cryptic species in various animal taxa. In birds, cryptic species are likely to occur in insular regions like the Japanese Archipelago due to the prevention of gene flow by sea barriers. Using COI sequences of 234 of the 251 Japanese-breeding bird species, we established a DNA barcoding library for species identification and estimated the number of cryptic species candidates.

Validity of a portable microhardness testing system (Cariotester) for diagnosis of progression in active caries lesions.

This study aimed to evaluate the validity of a portable microhardness testing system (Cariotester) for diagnosis of progression in active caries lesions by comparing data from this device and a laser fluorescence device (DIAGNOdent). Carious dentin in 12 specimens (stained clearly with a caries detector dye) was incrementally removed with a round bur at 150 μm depth intervals from the dentin surface in the direction of the pulp chamber. After each increment (total 138 sites), the Knoop hardness (HK) (evaluated with Cariotester) and DIAGNOdent (D) values were measured.

Detection of dentinal microcracks using infrared thermography.

Introduction: It is difficult to make a definite diagnosis of a cracked tooth solely based on an inspection within the root canal, especially in case of microcracks. At present, there seems to be no established method to detect dentinal microcracks in roots; therefore, the current detection techniques need to be improved. Vibrothermography (VibroIR) helps to detect microcracks by the friction heat generated from ultrasonic vibration.

Application of a new liquid-based procedure (TACAS) for the screening of cervical cancer: a preliminary study.

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of a new liquid-based cytological procedure in a population screening program for cervix cancer.

Subjects And Methods: Subjects were 1,000 women who underwent primary screening at the Kanagawa Health Service Association. The cytological specimens obtained by either cotton stick and Cytobrush® or Cervex-Brush® were processed using the Thinlayer Advanced Cytology Assay System (TACAS™), following the manufacturer's instructions.

Multicolor saccharide-sensing chips based on boronic acid-containing thin films showing stepwise release and binding of dyes.

A novel saccharide sensor that shows a distinct color change resembling a "traffic signal" was developed. By copolymerizing a boronic acid monomer and an amine monomer on a glass plate, a boronic acid-containing thin film was obtained. After adsorbing anionic blue and yellow dyes, the thin film was immersed in aqueous saccharide solutions containing a cationic red dye.

Colorimetric sensing method for polyamines utilising an inclusion complex of stimuli-responsive amylose.

Incorporation of carboxyl groups into amylose led to a unique stimuli-responsive supramolecular system that shows distinct colour change in response to biologically important polyamines. When spermine was added to an aqueous solution containing iodine and amylose modified with carboxyl groups, the solution clearly changed from colourless to bluish purple. This colour change was attributed to the encapsulation of iodine into the helical cavity of amylose, which was triggered by the electrostatic association between the amylose and spermine.

Resistance of surface coating resins against toothbrushing abrasion.

Purpose: To evaluate the durability of a resin coating system after toothbrushing abrasion resistance and surface hardness of the coating resin.

Methods: Rectangular blocks of Top Coat (TC) or the bonding resin of the two-step self-etching adhesive Clearfil SE Bond (SEB) were prepared by irradiation with halogen light units. After immersion in distilled water at 37 degrees C until stabilized water absorption, the specimens were subjected to toothbrushing abrasion tests in which a toothbrush was moved on the specimen at 60 strokes/minute with a 400 gf vertical load with toothpaste slurry.

Relationship between laser fluorescence and bacterial invasion in arrested dentinal carious lesions.

This study investigated the relationship between caries assessment using a laser fluorescence device (DIAGNOdent), and bacterial invasion in arrested carious dentin detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The ten extracted human molars used in this study had black or dark brown, hard occlusal carious lesions, and were found to be only weakly stained or unstained with a caries detector dye of 1% acid red in propylene glycol. In those extracted human molars, dentin was removed in the direction of the pulp chamber at 150-μm intervals.

Specific Jagged-1 signal from bone marrow microenvironment is required for endothelial progenitor cell development for neovascularization.

Background: Despite accumulating evidence that proves the pivotal role of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in ischemic neovascularization, the key signaling cascade that regulates functional EPC kinetics remains unclear.

Methods And Results: In this report, we show that inactivation of specific Jagged-1 (Jag-1)-mediated Notch signals leads to inhibition of postnatal vasculogenesis in hindlimb ischemia via impairment of proliferation, survival, differentiation, and mobilization of bone marrow-derived EPCs. Bone marrow-derived EPCs obtained from Jag-1-/- mice, but not Delta-like (Dll)-1-/- mice, demonstrated less therapeutic potential for ischemic neovascularization than EPCs from the wild type.

Relationship between the color of carious dentin with varying lesion activity, and bacterial detection.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between the color of carious dentin with varying lesion activity, and bacterial detection in the lesions.

Methods: In 26 extracted human molars with coronal dentin caries and four extracted sound human molars, dentin was removed by a round bur every 150 microm from the dentin surface, in the direction of the pulp chamber. Before and after removal, images of nine-color samples and the dentin surface stained with a caries detector dye (1% acid red in propylene glycol) were taken simultaneously by a charge-coupled device (CCD), and dentinal tissue samples were taken with a new round bur.

Evaluating the objectivity of caries removal with a caries detector dye using color evaluation and PCR.

Objectives: This laboratory study evaluated the objectivity of caries removal with a caries detector dye by color and bacterial evaluations.

Methods: In 41 cases of dentin caries (32 extracted human molars), carious tissues were removed using a caries detector dye. Images of dentin surfaces with color-matching stickers were acquired using a CCD camera, and dentinal tissue samples were collected with new round burs.

Estrogen-mediated endothelial progenitor cell biology and kinetics for physiological postnatal vasculogenesis.

Estrogen has been demonstrated to promote therapeutic reendothelialization after vascular injury by bone marrow (BM)-derived endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) mobilization and phenotypic modulation. We investigated the primary hypothesis that estrogen regulates physiological postnatal vasculogenesis by modulating bioactivity of BM-derived EPCs through the estrogen receptor (ER), in cyclic hormonally regulated endometrial neovascularization. Cultured human EPCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PB-MNCs) disclosed consistent gene expression of ER alpha as well as downregulated gene expressions of ER beta.

Relationship between colors of carious dentin and laser fluorescence evaluations in caries diagnosis.

This in vitro study investigated the relationship between assessments of dentin caries using a laser fluorescence device (DIAGNOdent) and a caries detector dye during caries removal. The dentin of eight extracted carious molars was removed at 300-microm interval points from the dentin surface toward the pulp chamber. Before and after each removal, images of the carious surfaces were taken in association with color-matching stickers (for color correction) and the surfaces were evaluated by DIAGNOdent based on fluorescence emission from the tooth surface.

The accuracy of electrical method for microleakage evaluation by a three-dimensional analysis.

Objectives: This in vitro study aimed to investigate the accuracy of an electrical method for the evaluation of microleakage by a three-dimensional analysis of dye penetration.

Methods: Coronal cavities were prepared on buccal, palatal or lingual surfaces in extracted human molars. The cavities were then filled with resin composites and were subjected to 10,000 load cycles (425g).

Resistance to acidic and alkaline environments in the endodontic pathogen Enterococcus faecalis.

Background/aims: This study aimed to investigate the biochemical mechanisms employed by the endodontic pathogen Enterococcus faecalis to confer acid- and alkali-resistance and to compare these with the mechanisms of representative oral streptococci.

Methods: E. faecalis JCM8728, Streptococcus mutans NCTC10449 and Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC10556 were used to assess both acid- and alkali-resistance by examining: (i) growth in complex media; (ii) stability of intracellular pH (pH(in)); (iii) cell durability to leakage of preloaded BCECF (2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5,6-carboxy-fluorescein); and (iv) cell permeability to SYTOX-Green.

Association studies of variants in the genes involved in pancreatic beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes in Japanese subjects.

Because impaired insulin secretion is characteristic of type 2 diabetes in Asians, including Japanese, the genes involved in pancreatic beta-cell function are candidate susceptibility genes for type 2 diabetes. We examined the association of variants in genes encoding several transcription factors (TCF1, TCF2, HNF4A, ISL1, IPF1, NEUROG3, PAX6, NKX2-2, NKX6-1, and NEUROD1) and genes encoding the ATP-sensitive K(+) channel subunits Kir6.2 (KCNJ11) and SUR1 (ABCC8) with type 2 diabetes in a Japanese cohort of 2,834 subjects.