Gut Commensal E. coli Proteins Activate Host Satiety Pathways following Nutrient-Induced Bacterial Growth.

The composition of gut microbiota has been associated with host metabolic phenotypes, but it is not known if gut bacteria may influence host appetite. Here we show that regular nutrient provision stabilizes exponential growth of E. coli, with the stationary phase occurring 20 min after nutrient supply accompanied by bacterial proteome changes, suggesting involvement of bacterial proteins in host satiety.

Exploratory study on the efficacy of reflexology for pain threshold and tolerance using an ice-pain experiment and sham TENS control.

Objectives: To explore the efficacy of reflexology on acute pain induced in healthy human subjects using a sham TENS control.

Design: An ice-pain experiment was undertaken in which the volunteers (n = 15; 11 female and 4 male with a mean ± SEM age of 37.7 ± 2.

Effects of the GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen administered orally on normal food intake and intraperitoneally on fat intake in non-deprived rats.

It has been previously reported that the GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen decreases food intake after oral administration and fat intake after intraperitoneal administration. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of baclofen (1-4 mg/ kg) administered orally (Experiment 1) on food intake in non-deprived rats (n=6) and intraperitoneally (Experiment 2) on fat intake in non-deprived rats (n=8) that were naïve to baclofen (1st set of trials) and in the same group of rats after they were sub-chronically exposed to baclofen (2nd set of trials). The results from Experiment 1 show that baclofen had no effects on food intake during the 1st set of trials, but the 2 and 4 mg/kg doses significantly increased food consumption during the 2nd set of trials.

Effects of intraperitoneal administration of the GABAB receptor positive allosteric modulator 2,6-di tert-butyl-4-(2-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenol (CGP7930) on food intake in non-deprived rats.

γ-Aminobutyric acid-(B) (GABA(B)) receptor positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) act on an allosteric site on the GABA(B) receptor to potentiate the effects of GABA and GABA(B) receptor agonists. It has previously been demonstrated that the GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen increases food intake in non-deprived rats. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the GABA(B) receptor PAM 2,6-di tert-butyl-4-(2-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenol (CGP7930) would (i) increase food intake, and (ii) potentiate the hyperphagic effects of baclofen in rats.

Effects of the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen on primary drinking in rats.

The effects of subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of the GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen were investigated on primary drinking in rats.

Effects of intraperitoneal administration of the GABA B receptor agonist baclofen on food intake in rats measured under different feeding conditions.

The effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of the GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen were assessed in rats under different feeding conditions.

Effects of chronic systemic administration of the GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen on food intake and body weight in rats.

The effects of daily administration of physiological saline of baclofen (1 and 4mg/kg, i.p.) for 27 days were investigated on food intake and body weight in non-deprived rats in Experiment 1.

The effects of acute multiple intraperitoneal injections of the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen on food intake in rats.

This study was undertaken to examine the effects of acute repeated administration of the GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen on food intake in rats. In Experiment 1, the effects of repeated intraperitoneal (i.p.

The effects of chronic intraperitoneal administration of the GABA B receptor agonist baclofen on food intake in rats.

This study was undertaken to examine the effects of repeated administration of the GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen on food intake in male Wistar rats. In the 1st Experiment, the effects of daily administration of physiological saline and baclofen (2 mg/kg, i.p.

The effect of intraperitoneal administration of leptin on short-term food intake in rats.

The effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of leptin (1, 5, and 10 mug/kg) were investigated on the food consumption during a 60 min test meal in 21 h fasted rats.

The effects of intraperitoneal administration of the GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen on food intake in CFLP and C57BL/6 mice.

The effects of the GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen were investigated on food intake in non-deprived CFLP and C57BL/6 mice. In Experiment 1, baclofen (1-8 mg /kg) administered i.p.

The effects of 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) on food intake in non-deprived C57BL6 mice.

The effects of the 5HT1A agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) were investigated on food intake in non-deprived mice. 8-OH-DPAT (50-200 mg/kg) administered subcutaneously (s.c.

The effects of intraperitoneal and intracerebroventricular administration of the GABAB receptor antagonist CGP 35348 on food intake in rats.

In order to test the hypothesis that endogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), acting at central GABAB receptors, plays a physiological role in the control of feeding behaviour, it was reasoned that blocking these receptors with a centrally active GABAB receptor antagonist should reduce food intake in hungry rats. In the present study, experiments were carried out to test this possibility using the GABAB receptor antagonist 3-aminopropyl-diethoxy-methyl-phosphinic acid (CGP 35348), which is water-soluble and can penetrate the blood-brain barrier from the systemic circulation. CGP 35348 (50 and 100 mg/kg, i.

The effects of a peripherally acting cholecystokinin1 receptor antagonist on food intake in rats: implications for the cholecystokinin-satiety hypothesis.

The observation that systemic administration of the peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) inhibits food intake in mammalian species has led to the hypothesis that endogenous peripheral CCK released from the small intestine during a meal acts as a satiety factor. It was predicted that if CCK does play an important role in satiety, then systemic administration of a specific CCK receptor antagonist should block the effects of the endogenous peptide released during a meal and increase food intake. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis by investigating the effects of the cholecystokinin(1) (CCK(1)) receptor antagonist N-alpha-3'-quinolinoyl-D-Glu-N,N-dipentylamide dicyclohexylammonium (A70104), which is unlikely to cross the blood-brain barrier, on food intake in rats.

Effects of subcutaneous administration of the gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptor agonist muscimol on water intake in water-deprived rats.

The effects of the gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) (GABA(A)) receptor agonist muscimol were investigated on water intake in rats that had been deprived of water for 16 h. Muscimol (0.5-2.

Effects of intracerebroventricular administration of the CCK(1) receptor antagonist devazepide on food intake in rats.

The effects of intracerebroventricular administration of devazepide, a CCK(1) receptor antagonist, was investigated on food intake in rats. In the first experiment, rats (n=5) were deprived of food for 17 h and injected intracerebroventricularly with either vehicle or devazepide (1, 10, 25 or 100 ng). Five minutes after vehicle or drug administration, the animals were presented with food and intake measured for 60 min.