[Benefits of home-based administration of palivizumab in high-risk groups].

Unlabelled: Palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), currently is indicated in groups at higher risk of developing severe RSV disease, such as extreme premature infants and patients with hemodynamically significant heart disease. In Chile, this strategy is guaranteed by Law 20850 (Ricarte Soto Law). Nevertheless, barriers to its administration included the need to transfer these labile patients and exposure to other users, with the risk of contagion in waiting rooms.

[Rehospitalization of preterm infants below 32 weeks of gestational age in the first 2 years post discharge].

Unlabelled: Preterm infants, especially those of lower gestational age (GA), are at high risk of hospital readmission in the early years.

Objective: To describe the frequency and characteristics of readmissions in preterm infants younger than 32 weeks of GA or weighing less than 1500 g (< 32w/< 1500 g) at 2 years post-discharge from neonatology.

Patients And Method: Retrospective observational study of a cohort of newborns < 32w/< 1500 g discharged from a public health care center (2009-2017).

Extremely and very preterm children who were born appropriate for gestational age show no differences in cortisol concentrations or diurnal rhythms compared to full-term children.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the diurnal variations in cortisol and cortisone concentrations in serum and saliva among extremely preterm (EPT), very preterm (VPT), and full-term (FT) children, all born appropriate for gestational age (AGA).

Methods: EPT, VPT, and FT children, all born AGA, were recruited from two healthcare centers. Cortisol and cortisone concentrations in serum and saliva were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC‒MS).

Mortality in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in South American NEOCOSUR Neonatal Network: timing and causes.

Introduction: Mortality in very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) has remained at ~26% in the past 16 years in the NEOCOSUR Neonatal Network.

Objective: Mortality in very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) has remained at ~26% in the past 16 years in the NEOCOSUR Neonatal Network.

Population And Methods: Observational, multicenter cohort study; retrospective analysis of data collected prospectively.

Survival and Survival without Major Morbidity Seem to Be Consistently Better throughout Gestational Age in 24- to 30-Week Gestational Age Very-Low-Birth-Weight Female Infants Compared to Males.

Introduction: Several studies showed advantages in outcomes for very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) female infants. It has been suggested that recent advances in perinatal care might have benefited boys relatively more than girls, making differences disappear.

Objectives: The aims of the study were (1) to determine if sex differences in survival and survival without morbidity in VLBW infants are still present in the context of more advanced perinatal care and (2) to know whether these differences are consistent throughout gestational age (GA).

[Seasonal variations in 25-hydroxy vitamin D3, parathormone and alkaline phosphatase in school-aged children].

Introduction: The main role of Vitamin D is to regulate calcium metabolism, whose main source is vitamin D3 ob tained mostly from the action of ultraviolet (UV) light on the skin.

Objective: To evaluate the seaso nal differences in the concentrations of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 (25OHVitD3), parathyroid hormone (PTH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and calcium in school-age children.

Subjects And Method: The concentrations of 25OHVitD3, PTH, ALP, and calcium were measured in children from Santiago, Chile (latitude -33.

Factors Associated with Survival and Survival without Major Morbidity in Very Preterm Infants in Two Neonatal Networks: SEN1500 and NEOCOSUR.

Introduction: Very low-birth weight (VLBW) infants represent a high-risk population for morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period. Variability in practices and outcomes between centers has been acknowledged. Multicenter benchmarking studies are useful to detect areas of improvement and constitute an interesting research tool.

Trends in Perinatal Practices and Neonatal Outcomes of Very Low Birth Weight Infants during a 16-year Period at NEOCOSUR Centers.

Objective: To describe trends in mortality, major morbidity, and perinatal care practices of very low birth weight infants born at NEOCOSUR Neonatal Network centers from January 1, 2001, through December 31, 2016.

Study Design: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from all inborn infants with a birthweight of 500-1500 g and 23-35 weeks of gestation.

Results: We examined data for 13 987 very low birth weight infants with a mean birth weight of 1081 ± 281 g and a gestational age of 28.

Perinatal antecedents of sleep disturbances in schoolchildren.

Study Objectives: Prematurity has been associated with an increased risk for sleep apnea. However, sleep disturbances in children born preterm have not been extensively investigated. Considering that determinants of sleep may originate early in life, the potential impact of prematurity on sleep disturbances later in life could be important.

Urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio and plasma renin and aldosterone concentrations in normotensive children: implications for the interpretation of results.

Objectives: To identify associations among the plasma renin concentration (PRC), plasma aldosterone and urinary sodium (Na)/potassium (K) ratio, and to integrate these variables into a nomogram with the aim of estimating the expected versus observed aldosterone concentration.

Methods: We studied 40 healthy normotensive children (5-8 years old, 57.5% girls) who were born at term and were adequate for their gestational age.

Late Onset Sepsis in Very Low Birth Weight Infants in the South American NEOCOSUR Network.

Background: The main aim is to determine the incidence and associated factors of late onset sepsis (LOS) in very low birth weight infants (500-1500 g), from the NEOCOSUR Network during years 2001-2013. Secondary objectives are to describe the microbiology of the first and second episode of LOS and to study the association between catheter dwell time and LOS.

Methods: Demographic information and outcome data are prospectively and routinely collected across the network using predefined diagnostic criteria and online data entry.

Survival and morbidity of very low birth weight infant in a South American neonatal network.

Objective: To analyze survival and relevant morbidity by gestational age (GA) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (<1500 g) and, based on these data, develop a fact sheet to provide information to perinatal healthcare providers and very low birth weight preterm infants' parents.

Study Design: Data were prospectively collected in relation to newborn infants with a birth weight between 500 g and 1500 g admitted to 45 sites of the Neocosur Neonatal Network (Red Neonatal Neocosur) between January 2001 and December 2011.

Results: Data on 8234 VLBW with a GA between 24+0 and 31+6 weeks were analyzed.

Center variability in risk of adjusted length of stay for very low birth weight infants in the Neocosur South American Network.

Objectives: To develop a prediction model for hospital length of stay (LOS) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants and to compare this outcome among 20 centers within a neonatal network.

Methods: Data from 7,599 infants with birth weights of 500-1,500 g born between the years 2001-2008 were prospectively collected. The Cox regression model was employed to develop two prediction models: an early model based upon variables present at birth, and a late one that adds relevant morbidities for the first 30 days of life.

[Impact of respiratory distress syndrome in very low birth weight infants: a multicenter South-American study].

Objective: To analyze the incidence, risk factors, major morbidity, mortality and resource employment in very low birth weight infants (< 1500 g) with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).

Methods: Descriptive study using prospectively obtained on-line information from a data base of 20 units belonging to the South American Neocosur Network. A total of 5991 VLBW infants were registered during years 2002-2007.

A new score for predicting neonatal very low birth weight mortality risk in the NEOCOSUR South American Network.

Objective: To develop and validate a model for very low birth weight (VLBW) neonatal mortality prediction, based on commonly available data at birth, in 16 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) from five South American countries.

Study Design: Prospectively collected biodemographic data from the Neonatal del Cono Sur (NEOCOSUR) Network between October 2000 and May 2003 in infants with birth weight 500 to 1500 g were employed. A testing sample and crossvalidation techniques were used to validate a statistical model for risk of in-hospital mortality.