Association of potassium disorders with the mode of death and etiology in patients with chronic heart failure: the INCOR-HF study.

Observational studies suggest a U-shaped association between serum potassium (K⁺) levels and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). However, the mode of death in patients with HF and K⁺ disorders remains speculative. To investigate the association between potassium disorders and the mode of death in patients with CHF.

Worsening of heart failure by coronavirus disease 2019 is associated with high mortality.

Aims: Patients with advanced heart failure (HF) with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) and concurrent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) might have a higher risk of severe events.

Methods And Results: We retrospectively studied 16 patients with advanced HFrEF who developed COVID-19 between 1 March and 29 May 2020. Follow-up lasted until 30 September.