The role and clinical relevance of long non-coding RNAs in glioma.

Glioma represents a complex and heterogeneous disease, posing significant challenges to both clinicians and researchers. Despite notable advancements in glioma treatment, the overall survival rate for most glioma patients remains dishearteningly low. Hence, there is an urgent necessity to discover novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets specifically tailored for glioma.

MiRNAs and lncRNAs in the regulation of innate immune signaling.

The detection and defense against foreign agents and pathogens by the innate immune system is a crucial mechanism in the body. A comprehensive understanding of the signaling mechanisms involved in innate immunity is essential for developing effective diagnostic tools and therapies for infectious diseases. Innate immune response is a complex process involving recognition of pathogens through receptors, activation of signaling pathways, and cytokine production, which are all crucial for deploying appropriate countermeasures.

Three-Dimensional Endoscopy-Assisted Excision and Reconstruction for Metastatic Disease of the Dorsal and Lumbar Spine: Early Results.

Background: The aim of this study was to explore the role of three-dimensional (3D) endoscopy in surgical management of metastatic disease of the dorsal and lumbar spine.

Methods: This is a prospective study on 33 patients (15 men and 18 women, mean age of 61.6 ± 8.

[Surgical treatment results of metastatic spine disease with using minimally invasive technologies, including 3D video endoscopic technologies].

The Aim Of The Study: Was to evaluate the results of surgical treatment of patients with metastatic lesions of the spine using 3-D video endoscopic technologies.

Material And Methods: We analysed the results of surgical treatment of 33 patients with metastatic lesions of the thoracic spine using a 3D video-assisted thoracoscopic intervention that was performed from November 2017 to December 2019. When examining patients, the following were used: X-ray of the spine, spiral computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as the SINS, Bilsky, Karnovsky, Tokuhashi, Frankel, SF-36 and VAS scales.

Specific role of dopamine in striatum during instrumental learning.

Research of dopamine's role in behavior is seemingly in a state of permanent controversy over all major topics. The notion of 'prediction error' is a central component of current reward leaning models, but there are many caveats and contradictions in supporting data. In this paper we propose that the same dopamine signal can promote action and reinforce this action, and outline novel model of reward learning in which dopamine provides a kind of teaching signal with DA release starting well before and persisting beyond the to-be reinforced action.

[Application of high-speed video recording for investigation of food-procuring movements in rats].

Application of high-speed video recording of food-procuring movements in rats (obtaining food from a narrow horizontal tube) is described. The method was used to verify details of the performance of the movements and their temporal characteristics. This method expands the view both the single phases of food-procuring movement, and the nature of their execution.

Modulation of neuron activity in the basal forebrain of the rat related to the outcome of food-procuring movements.

Neuron activity was recorded from the basal forebrain of rats, including the mixed area of the ventral pallidum, substantia innominata, and mid part of Meynert's nucleus. The base of the forebrain was found to contain neurons (40% of all neurons recorded) which altered their activity on acquisition of a food-procuring skill in conditions of free behavior, depending on the outcome of the acquired movement reaction. The discharge frequencies of these cells increased when the animal obtained food from the feeder.

[Modulation of the basal forebrain neural activity related to efficiency of reaching for food movements in rat].

In the course of learning, single unit activity of basal forebrain neurons was recorded in freely moving rats. Modulation of the neural activity related to efficiency of reaching for food movements was observed between a 40% of the recorded neurons. The firing-rate of such neurons increased during retrieval of the food.

[Features of formation of new motor coordination during food retrieval movements of rats].

Wistar rats were trained to retrieve a sunflower seed from a horizontal tube using a forelimb. Animals which demonstrated motor asymmetry were selected, and their training conditions were changed. The horizontal tube was replaces by that with a slot in the bottom in such a way that improperly seized seeds dropped out of the tube.

The effects of atropine microinjections into the motor cortex of rats on the development of a motor habit.

Acetylcholine modulates the responses of motor cortex neurons during learning. Studies were carried out on the effects of atropine microinjections into the motor cortex on the development of a habit consisting of procuring food with the forelimbs in freely mobile rats. Animals received unilateral intracortical injections of atropine (5 and 15 micrograms in 0.

[The effect of a microinjection of atropine into the rat motor cortex on the acquisition of a motor skill].

Atropine is known to impede the acquisition of conditioned responses by neurons of the motor cortex. Does atropine exert influence (and of what kind) on acquisition of local movements controlled by neurons of the motor cortex? In the present study we examined the influence of atropine microinjections on acquisition of reaching movement in freely moving rats. The intracortical pressure injections of atropine (5 mcg and 15 mcg/0,6 mcl/40 s) were made unilaterally into the forearm area of the motor cortex in adult mongrel rats.