Effect of a thiohydantoin salt derived from l-Arginine on Leishmania amazonensis and infected cells: Insights from biological effects to molecular docking interactions.

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania and is responsible for more than 1 million new cases and 70,000 deaths annually worldwide. Treatment has high costs, toxicity, complex and long administration time, several adverse effects, and drug-resistant strains, therefore new therapies are urgently needed. Synthetic compounds have been highlighted in the medicinal chemistry field as a strong option for drug development against different diseases.

Essential oil of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) reduces infection and proliferation of Toxoplasma gondii in BeWo cells with induction of autophagy and death of tachyzoites through a mechanism similar to necrosis.

Toxoplasmosis poses a global health threat, ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe, potentially fatal manifestations, especially in immunocompromised individuals and congenital transmission. Prior research suggests that oregano essential oil (OEO) exhibits diverse biological effects, including antiparasitic activity against Toxoplasma gondii. Given concerns about current treatments, exploring new compounds is important.

Trilobolide-6-O-isobutyrate from Sphagneticola trilobata acts by inducing oxidative stress, metabolic changes and apoptosis-like processes by caspase 3/7 activation of human lung cancer cell lines.

Background: Lung cancer, a chronic and heterogeneous disease, is the leading cause of cancer-related death on a global scale. Presently, despite a variety of available treatments, their effectiveness is limited, often resulting in considerable toxicity and adverse effects. Additionally, the development of chemoresistance in cancer cells poses a challenge.

Leishmania amazonensis infection regulates oxidate stress in hyperglycemia and diabetes impairing macrophage's function and immune response.

Unlabelled: Leishmaniasis is a group of infectious diseases caused by protozoa of the Leishmania genus and its immunopathogenesis results from an unbalanced immune response during the infection. Diabetes is a chronic disease resulting from dysfunction of the body's production of insulin or the ability to use it properly, leading to hyperglycemia causing tissue damage and impairing the immune system.

Aims: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of hyperglycemia and diabetes during Leishmania amazonensis infection and how these conditions alter the immune response to the parasite.

3,3',5,5'-Tetramethoxybiphenyl-4,4'diol triggers oxidative stress, metabolic changes, and apoptosis-like process by reducing the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway in the NCI-H460 lung cancer cell line.

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in men and women worldwide. Current treatments have limited efficacy, cause significant side effects, and cells can develop drug resistance. New therapeutic strategies are needed to discover alternative anticancer agents with high efficacy and low-toxicity.

Viremia and Inflammatory Cytokines in Dengue: Interleukin-2 as a Biomarker of Infection, and Interferon-α and -γ as Markers of Primary versus Secondary Infection.

The pathogenesis of (DENV) infection is complex and involves viral replication that may trigger an inflammatory response leading to severe disease. Here, we investigated the correlation between viremia and cytokine levels in the serum of DENV-infected patients. Between 2013 and 2014, 138 patients with a diagnosis of acute-phase DENV infection and 22 patients with a non-dengue acute febrile illness (AFI) were enrolled.

Synergistic Antileishmanial Effect of Oregano Essential Oil and Silver Nanoparticles: Mechanisms of Action on .

American tegumentary leishmaniasis, a zoonotic disease caused by the genus, poses significant challenges in treatment, including administration difficulty, low efficacy, and parasite resistance. Novel compounds or associations offer alternative therapies, and natural products such as oregano essential oil (OEO), extracted from , have been extensively researched due to biological effects, including antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic properties. Silver nanoparticles (AgNp), a nanomaterial with compelling antimicrobial and antiparasitic activity, have been shown to exhibit potent leishmanicidal properties.

Biogenic silver nanoparticle exhibits schistosomicidal activity in vitro and reduces the parasitic burden in experimental schistosomiasis mansoni.

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical parasitic disease that affects millions of people, being the second most prevalent parasitic disease worldwide. The current treatment has limited effectiveness, drug-resistant strains, and is not effective in different stages of the disease. This study investigated the antischistosomal activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles (Bio-AgNp) against Schistosoma mansoni.

In-vitro biological evaluation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethoxy-biphenyl-4,4'-diol and molecular docking studies on trypanothione reductase and Gp63 from Leishmania amazonensis demonstrated anti-leishmania potential.

Available treatments for leishmaniasis have been widely used since the 1940s but come at a high cost, variable efficacy, high toxicity, and adverse side-effects. 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethoxy-biphenyl-4,4'-diol (TMBP) was synthesized through laccase-catalysis of 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and displayed antioxidant and anticancer activity, and is considered a potential drug candidate. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the anti-leishmanial effect of TMBP against promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania (L.

Antileishmanial Activity of 4,8-Dimethoxynaphthalenyl Chalcones on .

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by species. Available therapeutic options have several limitations. The drive to develop new, more potent, and selective antileishmanial agents is thus a major goal.

Biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNp-Bio) restore testosterone levels and increase TNF-α and IL-6 in Leydig cells infected with Toxoplasma gondii.

Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for toxoplasmosis. The available therapy for patients with toxoplasmosis involves a combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, which have several adverse effects, including bone marrow suppression, megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, and granulocytopenia. The development of therapeutic alternatives is essential for the management of toxoplasmosis, emphasizing the recent advances in nanomedicine.

Solidagenone in vivo leishmanicidal activity acting in tissue repair response, and immunomodulatory capacity in Leishmania amazonensis.

Leishmaniasis is a group of chronic parasitic diseases in humans caused by species of the Leishmania genus. Current treatments have high toxicity, cost, duration, limited effectiveness, significantly complex administration, and drug-resistant strains. These factors highlight the importance of research into new therapies that use drugs without toxic effects.

Biogenic silver nanoparticles reduce Toxoplasma gondii infection and proliferation in RAW 264.7 macrophages by inducing tumor necrosis factor-alpha and reactive oxygen species production in the cells.

Owing to the serious adverse effects caused by pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, the drugs commonly used to treat toxoplasmosis, there is a need for treatment alternatives for this disease. Nanotechnology has enabled significant advances toward this goal. This study was conducted to evaluate the activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNp-Bio) in RAW 264.

Corrigendum: Murine Susceptibility to Infection Is Influenced by Arginase-1 and Macrophages at the Lesion Site.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.

Recent Advances in Biotransformation by Cunninghamella Species.

The goal of the biotransformation process is to develop structural changes and generate new chemical compounds, which can occur naturally in mammalian and microbial organisms, such as filamentous fungi, and represent a tool to achieve enhanced bioactive compounds. Cunninghamella spp. is among the fungal models most widely used in biotransformation processes at phase I and II reactions, mimicking the metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics in mammals and generating new molecules based on substances of natural and synthetic origin.

Botryosphaeran, [(1 → 3)(1 → 6)-β-D-glucan], induces apoptosis-like death in promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis, and exerts a leishmanicidal effect on infected macrophages by activating NF-kB and producing pro-inflammatory molecules.

Leishmaniasis is an infectious-parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Leishmania spp. The available treatments are based upon expensive drugs bearing adverse side-effects. The search for new therapeutic alternatives that present a more effective action without causing adverse effects to the patient is therefore important.

Grandiflorenic acid isolated from Sphagneticola trilobata against Trypanosoma cruzi: Toxicity, mechanisms of action and immunomodulation.

Grandiflorenic acid (GFA) is one of the main kaurane diterpenes found in different parts of Sphagneticola trilobata. It has several biological activities, especially antiprotozoal action. In turn, Chagas disease is a complex systemic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, and the drugs available to treat it involve significant side effects and impose an urgent need to search for therapeutic alternatives.

Murine Susceptibility to Infection Is Influenced by Arginase-1 and Macrophages at the Lesion Site.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a zoonotic infectious disease broadly distributed worldwide, causing a range of diseases with clinical outcomes ranging from self-healing infections to chronic disfiguring disease. The effective immune response to this infection is yet to be more comprehensively understood and is fundamental for developing drugs and vaccines. Thus, we used experimental models of susceptibility (BALB/c) and partial resistance (C57BL/6) to infection to investigate the local profile of mediators involved in the development of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Investigation of the antileishmanial activity and mechanisms of action of acetyl-thiohydantoins.

The currently available treatment options for leishmaniasis are associated with high costs, severe side effects, and high toxicity. In previous studies, thiohydantoins demonstrated some pharmacological activities and were shown to be potential hit compounds with antileishmanial properties. The present study further explored the antileishmanial effect of acetyl-thiohydantoins against Leishmania amazonensis and determined the main processes involved in parasite death.

Patterns of Cell Death Induced by Thiohydantoins in Human MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells.

Background: Conventional therapies for breast cancer are still a challenge due to cytotoxic drugs not being highly effective with significant adverse effects. Thiohydantoins are biologically active heterocyclic compounds reported for several biological activities, including anticarcinogenic properties, etc. This work aims to assess the use of thiohydantoin as a potential antitumor agent against MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

Exploring the antileishmanial activity of ,-disubstituted-benzoylguanidines: synthesis and molecular modeling studies.

In this report, we describe the synthesis and evaluation of nine ,-disubstituted-benzoylguanidines against promastigotes and amastigotes forms of . The derivatives and showed low IC values against promastigote form (90.8 ± 0.

Larval excretion/secretion of dipters of Lucilia cuprina species induces death in promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis.

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects millions of people around the world. Larval excretion/secretion (ES) of the larvae of flies of the Calliphoridae family has microbicidal activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, in addition to some species of Leishmania. Our study aimed at assessing the in vitro efficacy of Lucilia cuprina larval ES against the promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis, elucidating possible microbicidal mechanisms and routes of death involved.

Biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNp-Bio) reduce Toxoplasma gondii infection and proliferation in HeLa cells, and induce autophagy and death of tachyzoites by apoptosis-like mechanism.

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that can cause severe and debilitating diseases, especially in immunocompromised individuals. The available treatment is based on drugs that have low efficacy, high toxicity, several adverse effects, and need long periods of treatment. Thus, the search for therapeutic alternatives is urgently needed.

Impairment of effector molecules response in diabetes induces susceptibility to Leishmania amazonensis infection.

Type 2 Diabetes is a chronic disease resulting from insulin dysfunction that triggers a low-grade inflammatory state and immune impairment. Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease characterized by chronic inflammation resulted from the parasite's immunomodulation ability. Thus, due to the delicate immune balance required in the combat and resistance to Leishmania infection and the chronic deregulation of the inflammatory response observed in type 2 diabetes, we evaluated the response of PBMC from diabetic patients to in vitro Leishmania amazonensis infection.