Linear-viscous flow of temperate ice.

Accurately modeling the deformation of temperate glacier ice, which is at its pressure-melting temperature and contains liquid water at grain boundaries, is essential for predicting ice sheet discharge to the ocean and associated sea-level rise. Central to such modeling is Glen's flow law, in which strain rate depends on stress raised to a power of = 3 to 4. In sharp contrast to this nonlinearity, we found by conducting large-scale, shear-deformation experiments that temperate ice is linear-viscous ( 1.

A Structural Mechanism for Noncanonical GPCR Signal Transduction in the Hedgehog Pathway.

The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is fundamental to embryogenesis, tissue homeostasis, and cancer. Hh signals are transduced via an unusual mechanism: upon agonist-induced phosphorylation, the noncanonical G protein-coupled receptor SMOOTHENED (SMO) binds the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKA-C) and physically blocks its enzymatic activity. By combining computational structural approaches with biochemical and functional studies, we show that SMO mimics strategies prevalent in canonical GPCR and PKA signaling complexes, despite little sequence or secondary structural homology.

Development of sterile platform for quantification of extracellular analytes via single walled carbon nanotubes.

Progress has been made studying cell-cell signaling communication processes. However, due to limitations of current sensors on time and spatial resolution, the role of many extracellular analytes is still unknown. A single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) platform was previously developed based on the avidin-biotin immobilization of SWNT to a glass substrate.

Volcanic glass from the 1.8 ka Taupō eruption (New Zealand) detected in Antarctic ice at ~ 230 CE.

Chemical anomalies in polar ice core records are frequently linked to volcanism; however, without the presence of (crypto)tephra particles, links to specific eruptions remain speculative. Correlating tephras yields estimates of eruption timing and potential source volcano, offers refinement of ice core chronologies, and provides insights into volcanic impacts. Here, we report on sparse rhyolitic glass shards detected in the Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution (RICE) ice core (West Antarctica), attributed to the 1.

Racial, Ethnic, and Language-Based Inequities in Inpatient Opioid Prescribing by Diagnosis from Internal Medicine Services, a Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Opioid administration is extremely common in the inpatient setting, yet we do not know how the administration of opioids varies across different medical conditions and patient characteristics on internal medicine services. Our goal was to assess racial, ethnic, and language-based inequities in opioid prescribing practices for patients admitted to internal medicine services.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all adult patients admitted to internal medicine services from 2013 to 2021 and identified subcohorts of patients treated for the six most frequent primary hospital conditions (pneumonia, sepsis, cellulitis, gastrointestinal bleed, pyelonephritis/urinary tract infection, and respiratory disease) and three select conditions typically associated with pain (abdominal pain, acute back pain, and pancreatitis).

Stimuli-bioresponsive hydrogels as new generation materials for implantable, wearable, and disposable biosensors for medical diagnostics: Principles, opportunities, and challenges.

Hydrogels are excellent water-swollen polymeric materials for use in wearable, implantable, and disposable biosensors. Hydrogels have unique properties such as low cost, ease of preparation, transparency, rapid response to external conditions, biocompatibility and self-adhesion to the skin, flexibility, and strain sensitivity, making them ideal for use in biosensor platforms. This review provides a detailed overview of advanced applications of stimuli-responsive hydrogels in biosensor platforms, from hydrogel synthesis and functionalization for bioreceptor immobilization to several important diagnostic applications.

The Tea House Series: Striving Together to be Antiracist.

Background: Though awareness of health care structures that are racist and oppressive is increasing among health care professionals, there is a gap in continuing education curricula focused on antiracist anti-oppressive practices, and limited faculty and staff development to guide individuals towards action.

Aim: To develop, implement, and evaluate a novel antiracist faculty and staff development program called the Tea House Series.

Setting And Participants: A five-part continuing education series with an accompanying online community for faculty and staff at the divisions of Hospital Medicine in one institution in the western United States.

Detection of single walled carbon nanotube based sensors in a large mammal.

High resolution, rapid, and precise detection of biological analytes related to disease and infection is currently the focus of many researchers. Better biosensors could lead to earlier detection, more avenues of intervention, and higher efficacy of therapeutics, which would lead to better outcomes for all patients. One class of biosensors, single walled carbon nanotubes, is unique due to their nanoscale resolution, single molecule sensitivity, and reversibility for long term applications.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Discharge Opioid Prescribing From a Hospital Medicine Service.

Background: Differential opioid prescribing patterns have been reported in non-White patient populations. However, these disparities have not been well described among hospitalized medical inpatients.

Objective: To describe differences in opioid prescribing patterns among inpatients discharged from the general medicine service based on race/ethnicity.

Point-of-Care Ultrasound Predicts Clinical Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19.

Objectives: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) detects the pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 and may predict patient outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study at four hospitals from March 2020 to January 2021 to evaluate lung POCUS and clinical outcomes of COVID-19. Inclusion criteria included adult patients hospitalized for COVID-19 who received lung POCUS with a 12-zone protocol.

Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Sensor Platform for the Study of Extracellular Analytes.

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) are attractive targets for the formation of high-density sensor arrays. Their small size and high reactivity could allow for the spatial and temporal study of extracellular products to a degree which greatly surpasses contemporary sensors. However, current methods of SWNT immobilization produce a low fluorescence yield that requires a combination of high magnification, exposure time, and laser intensity to combat, thus limiting the sensor's applications.

Oxidative stress and postmortem meat quality in crossbred lambs.

The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of different levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated oxidative stress on fresh meat quality. Crossbred lambs (n = 29) were blocked by weight and fed a standard finishing ration for the duration of the study. Lambs were individually housed and treatment groups were administered one of three intravenous injections every 72 h across a three-injection (9-day) cycle: saline control (control), 50 ng LPS/kg body weight (BW) (LPS50), or 100 ng LPS/kg BW (LPS100).

A slip law for hard-bedded glaciers derived from observed bed topography.

Ice-sheet responses to climate warming and associated sea-level rise depend sensitively on the form of the slip law that relates drag at the beds of glaciers to their slip velocity and basal water pressure. Process-based models of glacier slip over idealized, hard (rigid) beds with water-filled cavities yield slip laws in which drag decreases with increasing slip velocity or water pressure (rate-weakening drag). We present results of a process-based, three-dimensional model of glacier slip applied to measured bed topographies.

Novel methods to extract and quantify sensors based on single wall carbon nanotube fluorescence from animal tissue and hydrogel-based platforms.

Sensors that can quickly and accurately diagnose and monitor human health are currently at the forefront of medical research. Single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) based optical biosensors are a growing area of research due to the high spatiotemporal resolution of their near infrared fluorescence leading to high tissue transparency and unparalleled sensitivity to analytes of interest. Unfortunately, due to the functionalization requirements of SWNT-based sensors, there are concerns surrounding accumulation and persistence when applied in vivo.

Evaluating an Oncology Video Curriculum Designed to Promote Asynchronous Subspecialty Learning for Internal Medicine Residents.

Internal medicine (IM) residents frequently see patients in subspecialty clinics. However, there are few published core subspecialty curricula targeted to residents' learning and practical needs, and little guidance exists regarding delivery of core subspecialty content to residents rotating across multiple clinical sites. Our study objective was to evaluate a novel oncology video curriculum for IM residents as a model for asynchronous subspecialty resident learning.

Quantification of Nitric Oxide Concentration Using Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Sensors.

Nitric oxide (NO), a free radical present in biological systems, can have many detrimental effects on the body, from inflammation to cancer. Due to NO's short half-life, detection and quantification is difficult. The inability to quantify NO has hindered researchers' understanding of its impact in healthy and diseased conditions.

Evaluation of a novel metric for personalized opioid prescribing after hospitalization.

Background: The duration of an opioid prescribed at hospital discharge does not intrinsically account for opioid needs during a hospitalization. This discrepancy may lead to patients receiving much larger supplies of opioids on discharge than they truly require.

Objective: Assess a novel discharge opioid supply metric that adjusts for opioid use during hospitalization, compared to the conventional discharge prescription signature.

A slip law for glaciers on deformable beds.

Slip of marine-terminating ice streams over beds of deformable till is responsible for most of the contribution of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to sea level rise. Flow models of the ice sheet and till-bedded glaciers elsewhere require a law that relates slip resistance, slip velocity, and water pressure at the bed. We present results of experiments in which pressurized ice at its melting temperature is slid over a water-saturated till bed.

Volcanic glass properties from 1459 C.E. volcanic event in South Pole ice core dismiss Kuwae caldera as a potential source.

A large volcanic sulfate increase observed in ice core records around 1450 C.E. has been attributed in previous studies to a volcanic eruption from the submarine Kuwae caldera in Vanuatu.

Implantable Nanotube Sensor Platform for Rapid Analyte Detection.

The use of nanoparticles within living systems is a growing field, but the long-term effects of introducing nanoparticles to a biological system are unknown. If nanoparticles remain localized after in vivo implantation unanticipated side effects due to unknown biodistribution can be avoided. Unfortunately, stabilization and retention of nanoparticles frequently alters their function.

Comment on "Friction at the bed does not control fast glacier flow".

Stearns and van der Veen (Reports, 20 July 2018, p. 273) conclude that fast glacier sliding is independent of basal drag (friction), even where drag balances most of the driving stress. This conclusion raises fundamental physical issues, the most striking of which is that sliding velocity would be independent of stresses imparted through the ice column, including gravitational driving stress.