Headache induced by a nitric oxide donor (nitroglycerin) responds to sumatriptan. A human model for development of migraine drugs.

Experimental "vascular" headache in humans may be used in characterizing new migraine drugs. The effects of sumatriptan on nitroglycerin-(NTG)-induced headache and arterial responses were therefore studied. Following a double-blind randomized crossover design, 10 healthy volunteers received sumatriptan 6 mg s.

Female urethral diverticulum. Clinical aspects and a presentation of 15 cases.

Objective: Fifteen patients with female urethral diverticulum (FUD) were referred during nine years. In order to point out the symptomatology and findings and to evaluate the treatment we have reviewed these patients.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 15 women treated with transvaginal diverticulectomy.

Effect of a nitric oxide donor (glyceryl trinitrate) on nociceptive thresholds in man.

Several animal studies suggest that nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in central and peripheral modulation of nociception. Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) exerts its physiological actions via donation of NO. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of this NO donor on nociceptive thresholds in man.

Light therapy in bulimia nervosa: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

The effects of light therapy on food intake and affective symptoms of bulimia nervosa (BN) were examined in a double-blind study. Eighteen women who met DSM-III-R criteria for BN were randomly assigned to receive either 2500 lux of bright light (experimental condition) or < 500 lux of dim light (placebo condition) daily in the early evening for a 1-week period. The Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-Seasonal Affective Disorder Version (SIGH-SAD), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Bulimic Symptoms Checklist were administered to subjects before light exposure, after 1 week of light exposure, and after 7 days of withdrawal of light exposure.

Histamine-1 receptor blockade does not prevent nitroglycerin induced migraine. Support for the NO-hypothesis of migraine.

It has previously been shown that in migraine sufferers infusion of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) and histamine causes an immediate headache during the infusion and a genuine migraine attack one to several hours after the infusion. This identical time profile indicates a common mechanism of action. To evaluate whether GTN causes headache via liberation of histamine, we studied the effect of GTN 0.

Transcranial Doppler and cardiovascular responses during cardiovascular autonomic tests in migraineurs during and outside attacks.

The transcranial Doppler (TCD) and cardiovascular responses to established tests of autonomic function were studied in 50 migraineurs (23 of whom experienced aura and 27 who did not) and 30 healthy control subjects. In addition to the measurements outside attacks, 10 migraineurs were also tested during unilateral attacks of migraine without aura. Transcranial Doppler examinations of middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood velocity showed no differences between migraineurs and healthy subjects and no difference between migraineurs experiencing an attack and outside an attack when examined in response to a head-up tilt test, a cold-pressor test and a Valsalva manoeuvre.

Estrogen receptors in the human male bladder, prostatic urethra, and prostate. An immunohistochemical and biochemical study.

The distribution and quantity of estrogen receptors (ERs) in the human male bladder, prostatic urethra and the prostate were studied in eight males with recurrent papillomas of the bladder or monosymptomatic hematuria (median age 61 years), 14 men undergoing transurethral resection due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (median age 70 years), and nine men undergoing cystectomy due to malignant tumour of the bladder (median age 70 years). In the first group of patients, biopsies for immunohistochemical examination were obtained from the bladder vault, bottom, both side-walls, the trigone area, and the mid-portion of the prostatic urethra, and in the second group from three locations of the prostatic urethra (bladder neck, mid-portion and veramontanum). In the third group, tissue specimens were taken from the vault of the bladder, prostatic urethra, and the prostate, for immunohistochemical as well as biochemical analysis.

Increased cerebrovascular pCO2 reactivity in migraine with aura--a transcranial Doppler study during hyperventilation.

Cerebrovascular reactivity during hypocapnia was tested in 20 migraineurs (8 with aura, 12 without aura) and 30 sex- and age-matched healthy subjects, and during nitroglycerin-induced headache in 12 healthy subjects. Before and during hyperventilation, mean blood-flow velocity (Vmean) in the middle cerebral artery was measured with transcranial Doppler. In each subject a pCO2 reactivity index (RI) was calculated as (delta Vmean/baseline Vmean)/delta pCO2.

Cerebral blood flow velocities are reduced during attacks of unilateral migraine without aura.

It has been disputed whether or not large intracranial arteries are dilated during migraine attacks. In order to answer this question the present transcranial Doppler study focused on side-to-side differences of middle cerebral artery blood velocity during unilateral attacks of migraine without aura in 25 patients. Blood velocity in the middle cerebral artery was lower on the headache side (59 cm/s) than on the non-headache side (65 cm/s) during the migraine attack.

Reduced arterial diameter during static exercise in humans.

In eight subjects luminal diameter of the resting limb radial and dorsalis pedis arteries was determined by high-resolution ultrasound (20 MHz). This measurement was followed during rest and during 2 min of static handgrip or of one-leg knee extension at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction of another limb. Static exercise increased heart rate and mean arterial pressure, which were largest during one-leg knee extension.

Arterial diameter during central volume depletion in humans.

The luminal diameter of the radial artery was followed by high frequency ultrasound during 50 degrees head-up tilt-induced central volume depletion in ten healthy subjects of whom six were tilted twice and pretreated with the serotonin receptor antagonist methysergide or placebo following a double-blind randomized design. Eight subjects without active treatment experienced presyncopal symptoms after 16-45 (mean 32 min). Central volume depletion was indicated by an increase in mean thoracic electrical impedance [from 31.

Modulation of smooth muscle activity by nitric oxide in the human upper urinary tract.

The aim of the study was to ascertain whether nitric oxide (NO) might regulate motility in the human upper urinary tract. Smooth muscle activity in the human renal pelvis and proximal ureter was studied in vitro in organ baths, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity was studied by measurement of citrulline formation. NO, glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) significantly reduced the frequency of spontaneous rhythmic contractions in renal pelvis and proximal ureter.

Venous plasma levels of endothelin-1 are not altered immediately after nitroglycerin infusion in healthy subjects.

Endothelin-1 and nitric oxide play an important regulatory role in the control of vascular smooth muscle tone. Nitroglycerin (NTG), a nitric oxide donating drug, may inhibit endothelin production. In this double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study, plasma levels of endothelin-1 were measured before and immediately (5-30 s) after 80 min infusion of NTG (glyceryl trinitrate) or saline in 12 healthy subjects.

Experimental headache in humans.

The need for valid human experimental models of headache is obvious. Several compounds have been proposed as headache-inducing agents, but only the nitroglycerin (NTG) model has been validated. In healthy subjects, intravenous infusions of the nitric oxide (NO) donor NTG induce a dose-dependent headache and dilatation of the temporal, radial and middle cerebral artery.

Smooth muscle relaxing effects of NO, nitrosothiols and a nerve-induced relaxing factor released in guinea-pig colon.

1. The aim of the present study was to compare the biological activity of S-nitroso-L-cysteine (CYSNO), S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP) and hydroxylamine to that of nitric oxide (NO) and a vascular relaxing factor released by nerve stimulation in the guinea-pig intestine. The biological activity was examined in a bioassay system with guinea-pig colon as donor tissue and a series of spiral strips of rabbit aorta without endothelium as detector tissues.

Nitroglycerin-induced headache is not dependent on histamine release: support for a direct nociceptive action of nitric oxide.

The molecular mechanisms of migraine pain have not yet been clarified. Monoamine and the peptide neurotransmitters involved in neurogenic inflammation do not cause significant head pain. Our previous studies of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) and histamine-induced headaches have suggested that nitric oxide (NO) is the causative molecule in migraine pain.

Nitric oxide-like activity in guinea pig colon as determined by effector responses, bioassay and chemiluminescence analysis.

The role of nerve-induced release of nitric oxide (NO) as a modulator of neuroeffector transmission was studied in the longitudinal muscle of the guinea pig colon. The biological activity of a vascular relaxing factor released by nerve stimulation was examined in a bioassay cascade system. Furthermore, biochemical measurements of nerve-induced release of the NO metabolite nitrite (NO2-) were made with a chemiluminescence technique.

Localization of nitric oxide synthase activity in the human lower urinary tract and its correlation with neuroeffector responses.

Objectives: The present study was designed to correlate the localization of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity to nerve-induced smooth muscle responses in the human lower urinary tract.

Methods: Nerve-induced smooth muscle activity was studied in the human lower urogenital tract. NOS activity was studied by measurement of citrulline formation and guanylate cyclase activity.

[Productivity and patient satisfaction. An evaluation of a urological short-term unit].

A study of a short term unit was performed in the Urological Department of the University Hospital of Copenhagen at Hvidovre. The study reflects the productivity of the unit by measuring patient flow, average admission time, utilization of the bed capacity and examination and treatment activities. Patient satisfaction was also evaluated.

A nitric oxide donor (nitroglycerin) triggers genuine migraine attacks.

Supersensitivity to induction of headache and arterial dilatation by a donor of nitric oxide (nitroglycerin) has recently been demonstrated in migraine sufferers. The aims of the present study were to examine whether the nitric oxide donor nitroglycerin may induce a typical migraine attack, to exclude placebo-related effects and to describe the relation between middle cerebral artery dilatation and provoked migraine. Nitroglycerin (0.

Interictal "patchy" regional cerebral blood flow patterns in migraine patients. A single photon emission computerized tomographic study.

In 92 migraine patients and 44 healthy control subjects we recorded regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with single photon emission computerized tomography and (133) Xe inhalation or with i.v. (99m) Tc-HMPAO.

CO2 measurements during transcranial Doppler examinations in headache patients: methodological considerations.

Transcranial Doppler (TCD) examinations are increasingly being used in studies of headache pathophysiology. Because blood velocity is highly dependent on PCO2, these parameters should be measured simultaneously. The most common way of performing measurements during TCD examinations is as end-tidal pCO2 with a capnograph.

Nitric oxide is a key molecule in migraine and other vascular headaches.

Nitric oxide (NO) may play a key role in migraine and other vascular headaches since glyceryl trinitrate (a donor of NO) and histamine (which probably activates endothelial NO formation) both cause a pulsating dose-dependent headache with several migrainous characteristics. At relatively high doses of glyceryl trinitrate, migraine sufferers develop stronger and more migraine-like headaches and more pronounced cerebral arterial dilatation than controls. After the infusion of glyceryl trinitrate, non-migraineurs remain headache-free while migraineurs develop a migraine-like attack.

Improved description of the migraine aura by a diagnostic aura diary.

We present a diagnostic aura diary for prospective recordings of migraine with aura. Three questionnaires are supplemented with sheets for drawings and plottings of visual and sensory auras. Twenty patients recorded 54 attacks of migraine with aura and 2 attacks of migraine aura without headache.