Exploring Risk Factors for Adverse Reactions in Children with an Acute Psychotic Episode Using the Global Trigger Tool: Does Age Matter?

To establish significant risk factors for the development of adverse drug effects (ADEs) in children and adolescents with an acute psychotic episode taking antipsychotics. The research team randomly selected 15 patient records each month for 3 years (2016-2018). Overall, 450 patient records were included (223 boys and 227 girls, mean age was 14.

Genetic markers associated with adverse reactions of radioiodine therapy in thyroid cancer patients.

Objectives: Radioactive iodine therapy is considered for patients with certain clinicopathological factors that predict a significant risk of recurrence, distant metastases of thyroid cancer or disease-specific mortality. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between polymorphisms of genes, products of which are involved in the processes of DNA damage response and autophagy, and the adverse reactions of radioiodine therapy in thyroid cancer patients.

Methods: The study included 181 patients (37 men, 144 women; median age 56 [41; 66.

Genetic markers associated with adverse reactions of radioiodine therapy in thyroid cancer patients.

Objectives: Radioactive iodine therapy is considered for patients with certain clinicopathological factors that predict a significant risk of recurrence, distant metastases of thyroid cancer or disease-specific mortality. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between polymorphisms of genes, products of which are involved in the processes of DNA damage response and autophagy, and the adverse reactions of radioiodine therapy in thyroid cancer patients.

Methods: The study included 181 patients (37 men, 144 women; median age 56 [41; 66.

Polymorphism of tmprss2 (rs12329760) but not ace2 (rs4240157), tmprss11a (rs353163) and cd147 (rs8259) is associated with the severity of COVID-19 in the Ukrainian population.

Background And Aim: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), transmembrane serine 2 and serine 11A proteases (TMPRSS2, TMPRSS11A), and a cell surface cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) might be a gene candidate that exerts the susceptibility to and mortality from coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between ace2, tmprss2, tmprss11a, and cd147 polymorphic variants and the severity of COVID-19 in the Ukrainian population.

Methods: The study population consisted of the Ukrainian population with COVID-19: patients without oxygen therapy (n=62), with non-invasive (n=92) and invasive (n=35) oxygen therapy, as well as control subjects (n=92).

Influence of ABCB1, CYP3A5 and CYP3A4 gene polymorphisms on prothrombin time and the residual equilibrium concentration of rivaroxaban in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation in real clinical practice.

Objective: The study of ABCB1 and CYP3A4/3A5 gene polymorphism genes is promising in terms of their influence on prothrombin time variability, the residual equilibrium concentration of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with atrial fibrillation and the development of new personalized approaches to anticoagulation therapy in these patients. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of ABCB1 (rs1045642) C>T; ABCB1 (rs4148738) C>T and CYP3A5 (rs776746) A>G, CYP3A4*22(rs35599367) C>T gene polymorphisms on prothrombin time level and residual equilibrium concentration of rivaroxaban in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Methods: In total 86 patients (42 men and 44 female), aged 67.

Effect of , polymorphisms on the safety of treatment with timolol maleate in patients with glaucoma.

Objectives: Timolol maleate is used for the treatment of glaucoma and metabolized by cytochrome CYP2D6 in the liver. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the influence of and gene polymorphisms on the safety of medications containing 0.5% of timolol maleate as glaucoma treatment in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

CYP2D6 phenotype and ABCB1 haplotypes are associated with antipsychotic safety in adolescents experiencing acute psychotic episodes.

Objectives: To identify possible associations of , and gene polymorphisms with the efficacy and safety of antipsychotics in adolescents with acute psychotic episodes.

Methods: We examined the associations of pharmacogenetic factors with the efficacy and safety of antipsychotics in 101 adolescents with acute psychotic episodes. The diagnosis on admission was "Brief psychotic disorder" (F23.

Allele С (rs5186) of at1r is associated with the severity of COVID-19 in the Ukrainian population.

Introduction: The severity of SARS-CoV-2 induced coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) depends on the presence of risk factors and the hosts' gene variability. There are preliminary results that gene polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin system can influence the susceptibility to and mortality from COVID-19. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) might be a gene candidate that exerts such influence.

Influence of Clinically Significant Genes on Antiplatelet Effect of Clopidogrel and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome and Atrial Fibrillation.

Introduction: The interindividual variability of the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel is determined by multiple clinical and genetic factors. A lot of genotype-oriented studies have concentrated on the impact of CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms on platelet aggregation in patients receiving clopidogrel. However, the influence of this polymorphism may be only 12-20%, so other genetic markers should also be investigated.

CYP2D6 phenotype and ABCB1 haplotypes are associated with antipsychotic safety in adolescents experiencing acute psychotic episodes.

Objectives: To identify possible associations of , and gene polymorphisms with the efficacy and safety of antipsychotics in adolescents with acute psychotic episodes.

Methods: We examined the associations of pharmacogenetic factors with the efficacy and safety of antipsychotics in 101 adolescents with acute psychotic episodes. The diagnosis on admission was "Brief psychotic disorder" (F23.

Pharmacogenetics of antipsychotics in adolescents with acute psychotic episode during first 14 days after admission: effectiveness and safety evaluation.

Objectives: Prediction of the antipsychotic's effectiveness is a relevant topic in the field of personalized medicine.

Methods: The research design of this study is a prospective observation with posthoc analysis of associations of genetic polymorphisms with safety parameters and effectiveness of antipsychotic therapy. We observed 53 adolescents with an acute psychotic episode which were prescribed antipsychotics for 14 days.

Pain pharmacogenetics.

Pain is a significant problem in medicine. The use of PGx markers to personalize postoperative analgesia can increase its effectiveness and avoid undesirable reactions. This article describes the mechanisms of nociception and antinociception and shows the pathophysiological mechanisms of pain in the human body.

May Increase the Risk of Death Among Patients with an Acute Coronary Syndrome and Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation Who Receive Clopidogrel and Rivaroxaban.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to assess the influence of gene and polymorphisms on clopidogrel antiplatelet activity, rivaroxaban concentration equilibrium, and clinical outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndrome and non-valvular atrial fibrillation.

Methods: In the multicenter prospective registry study of the efficacy and safety of a combined antithrombotic therapy 103 patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation both undergoing or not a percutaneous coronary intervention were enrolled. The trial assessed the primary outcomes (major bleeding, in-hospital death, cardiovascular death, stroke\transient ischaemic attack, death/renal insufficiency) and secondary outcomes (platelet reactivity units (PRU), rivaroxaban concentration).

Effect of CES1 and ABCB1 genotypes on the pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes of dabigatran etexilate in patients with atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease.

Background Despite the well-studied safety profile of dabigatran, its interactions with genetic polymorphism parameters are poorly understood, especially in patients with moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD). The study assessed whether genetic factors can contribute to CKD and alter dabigatran concentration. Methods Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and stage 3 CKD treated with dabigatran 110 or 150 mg have been included in the study.

[Evidence-based treatment of acute psychotic episode and schizophrenia in children and adolescents].

Children and adolescents are a special group in the context of psychopharmacotherapy. Given the limited choice of registered antipsychotics permitted in childhood, caution should be exercised in the choice of medication. This literature review reviews the current evidence base for pharmacotherapy of acute psychotic episode and schizophrenia in children and adolescents.

Global trigger tool in child psychiatry: Treatment safety evaluation in adolescents with an acute psychotic episode.

Objective: To analyse the frequency, structure and risk factors of adverse drug effects in adolescents with acute psychotic episode by the methods of global triggers - Paediatric All-Cause Harm Measurement Tool (PACHMT) and Global Assessment of Paediatric Patient Safety Tool (GAPPS).

Patients And Methods: We used 151 completed case histories of patients who were admitted to a psychiatric hospital with acute psychotic episode. We applied Global Trigger Tool algorithm to each case retrospectively: we developed a special trigger list for psychiatric patients based on PACHMT, GAPPS and general Global Trigger Tool.

ADME pharmacogenetics: future outlook for Russia.

This systematic review reflects the results of pharmacogenetic studies in the Russian Federation aimed at studying the genes involved in the drug biotransformation system. The works of Russian researchers found by us are mostly devoted to microsomal liver oxidation enzymes (metabolism) and membrane transporter systems (absorption and excretion). This review presents population-ethnic and associative clinical studies on the genes of the system, noncytochrome oxidation enzymes (, ), membrane transporter system genes (, ) and warfarin biotransformation enzymes (, ).

Tracking the origin of photostability in purine nucleobases: the photophysics of 2-oxopurine.

This work scrutinizes the relaxation mechanism of 2-oxopurine. Contrary to its ancestor, purine, which is a UVC chromophore, 2-oxopurine shows a red-shifted absorption spectrum centered in the UVA region. In 2-oxopurine, relaxation along the ππ* spectroscopic state directs the population from the Franck-Condon (FC) region towards a minimum, which acts as a crossroad for the further decay of the system either to triplet states or, alternatively, to the ground state through a C-puckered S/S funnel.

[Initiation of pharmacotherapy as a risk factor for older patients.].

The article presents the literature and original data on the problems of falls in elderly patients. The connection of the fact of falling with initiation of therapy by a number of drugs known to have a negative impact on the risk of falling is considered. The article presents data on the frequency and structure of falls on the example of patients with cardiovascular diseases older than 75 years, treated in a multidisciplinary hospital.

Pharmacogenetic testing by polymorphic markers 681G>A and 636G>A CYP2C19 gene in patients with acute coronary syndrome and gastric ulcer in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

Background: The focus of the study is to determine the prevalence of CYP2C19 alleles, associated with the risk of changes in the pharmacological response to clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and gastric ulcer from Russian and Yakut ethnic groups.

Methods: The research included 411 patients with ACS (143 Russians and 268 Yakuts) and 204 patients with histologically confirmed gastric ulcer (63 Russians and 141 Yakuts). Genotyping of 681G>A and 636G>A polymorphisms was performed by using polymerase real-time chain reaction.

Which cytochrome P450 metabolizes phenazepam? Step by step in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies.

Background: Phenazepam (bromdihydrochlorphenylbenzodiazepine) is the original Russian benzodiazepine tranquilizer belonging to 1,4-benzodiazepines. There is still limited knowledge about phenazepam's metabolic liver pathways and other pharmacokinetic features.

Methods: To determine phenazepam's metabolic pathways, the study was divided into three stages: in silico modeling, in vitro experiment (cell culture study), and in vivo confirmation.

Pharmacodynamic genetic polymorphisms affect adverse drug reactions of haloperidol in patients with alcohol-use disorder.

Background: Antipsychotic action of haloperidol is due to blockade of D receptors in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway, while the adverse drug reactions are associated with striatal D receptor blockade. Contradictory data concerning the effects of genetic polymorphisms of genes encoding these receptors and associated structures (catechol-O-methyltransferase [COMT], glycine transporter and gene encoding the density of D receptors on the neuronal membrane) are described.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the correlation between DRD2, SLC6A3 (DAT) and COMT genetic polymorphisms and to investigate their effect on the development of adverse drug reactions in patients with alcohol-use disorder who received haloperidol.