Replacement of Antarctic krill () by extruded feeds with different proximate compositions: effects on growth, nutritional condition and digestive capacity of juvenile European lobsters (, L.).

Extruded feeds are widely used for major aquatic animal production, particularly for finfish. However, the transition from fresh/frozen to extruded/pelleted feeds remains a major obstacle to progressing sustainable farming of European lobster (). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of using extruded feeds with different protein levels and lipid/carbohydrate ratios on growth, feed utilisation, nucleic acid derived indices (sRD) and digestive enzymatic activity of juveniles.

Prolonged cortisol elevation alters whole body and tissue metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Chronic elevation of circulating cortisol is known to have deleterious effects on fish, but information about the consequences of prolonged cortisol elevation on the metabolism of fish is scarce. To test the effects of chronic cortisol elevation on the aerobic performance of rainbow trout, we examined how two severities of chronically elevated plasma cortisol levels affected the oxygen uptake during rest and after exhaustive exercise using a high (HC) and a medium cortisol (MC) treatment. High cortisol doses significantly affected standard (SMR) and maximum metabolic rates (MMR) compared to control fish.

Interactions of temperature and dietary composition on juvenile European lobster (Homarus gammarus, L.) energy metabolism and performance.

Optimal rearing temperatures for European lobster Homarus gammarus in aquaculture differ from those prevalent in their aquatic ecosystems and acclimating juveniles to the prevailing temperatures before release may aid in the success of re-stocking programs. As the dietary nutritional composition is important for optimal performance of H. gammarus, in this study we aimed to investigate whether juvenile growth and energy metabolism responses to temperature variation could be modulated by the diet.

Key nutritional factors and interactions during larval development of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca).

The effects of 8 nutritional variables (Ca/P, Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) + Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n - 3) (EPA + DHA), Arachidonic acid (20:4n - 6) (ARA), Se, vitamins E, C, D and A) were investigated to identify their respective importance and interactions in pikeperch larval development. In this respect, two modalities (low and high levels) of each variable were tested through a fractional factorial experimental design allowing a reduction from 256 (2) to 16 (2) experimental units. Survival was significantly higher in larvae fed a high Ca/P diet while larval growth was significantly lower in larvae fed the same diet variant, associated with a higher incidence of kyphosis and pectoral anomalies in these larvae.

The importance of phospholipids combined with long-chain PUFA in formulated diets for pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) larvae.

Dietary phosphoglycerides and n-3 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) play important functions in the development of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) larvae. This study aimed to determine optimal dietary levels of soyabean lecithin (SBL)-derived phospholipids (PL) in starter feeds for pikeperch larvae 10-30 d post-hatch (DPH) and examine performance and ontogeny by additional supplementation of n-3 LC-PUFA in the form of Algatrium DHA 70 (glyceride product; 660-700 mg/g DHA; EPA 60-75 mg/g). In total, six isoproteic and isoenergetic extruded diets were formulated with increasing levels of PL (3·7, 8·3 or 14·5 % wet weight (w.

Rhythmicity and plasticity of digestive physiology in a euryhaline teleost fish, permit (Trachinotus falcatus).

Digestive physiology is considered to be under circadian control, but there is little evidence in teleost fish. The present study explored the rhythmicity and plasticity to feeding schedules of enzymatic digestion in a candidate aquaculture fish, the permit (Trachinotus falcatus). The first experiment identified the rhythms of digestive factors throughout the light-dark (LD) cycle.

Humoral and mucosal defense molecules rhythmically oscillate during a light-dark cycle in permit, Trachinotus falcatus.

Circadian rhythm provides organisms with an internal system to maintain temporal order in a dynamic environment. This is typified by a 24-h cycle for a number of physiological processes, including immunity. The present study characterized the humoral and mucosal defense molecules and their dynamics during a light-dark (LD) cycle in juvenile permit, Trachinotus falcatus.

No evidence for a bioenergetic advantage from forced swimming in rainbow trout under a restrictive feeding regime.

Sustained swimming at moderate speeds is considered beneficial in terms of the productive performance of salmonids, but the causative mechanisms have yet to be unequivocally established. In the present study, the effects of moderate exercise on the bioenergetics of rainbow trout were assessed during a 15 week growth experiment, in which fish were reared at three different current speeds: 1 BL s(-1), 0.5 BL s(-1) and still water (≈ 0 BL s(-1)).

Dietary supplementation of essential fatty acids in larval pikeperch (Sander lucioperca); short and long term effects on stress tolerance and metabolic physiology.

The present study examined the effects of feeding pike perch larvae Artemia, enriched with either docosahexanoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (ARA), oleic acid (OA), olive oil (OO) or a commercial enrichment DHA Selco (DS) on tissue lipid deposition, stress tolerance, growth and development, and metabolic rate. There was higher tissue retention of ARA than DHA at comparable inclusion levels. No differences were observed between diets on the percentage contribution of ARA or DHA to the fatty acid profile of tissues (head and trunk).

Combining novel monitoring tools and precision application technologies for integrated high-tech crop protection in the future (a discussion document).

The possibility of combining novel monitoring techniques and precision spraying for crop protection in the future is discussed. A generic model for an innovative crop protection system has been used as a framework. This system will be able to monitor the entire cropping system and identify the presence of relevant pests, diseases and weeds online, and will be location specific.

Global outcome, productivity and epilepsy 3--8 years after severe head injury. The impact of injury severity.

Objective: To assess long-term outcome in survivors after severe head injury and relate outcome to injury severity.

Design: Follow-up 3-8 years post injury in a retrospectively collected sample.

Setting: A neurosurgical department in a regional trauma centre.

Redistribution of slurry components as influenced by injection method, soil, and slurry properties.

The distribution of moisture, degradable C, and N after direct injection of slurry can affect the turnover and plant availability of slurry N. This study examined effects of injection method, soil conditions, and slurry properties on the infiltration of several slurry components under practical conditions. The water retention capacity of 22 pig and cattle slurries was quantified by dialysis at -0.